{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:54:27Z","timestamp":1789674867225,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624665600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Plasticity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A number of currently used drugs have been obtained from medicinal plants which are a major source of drugs. These drugs are either used in their pure form or modified to a semisynthetic drug. Drug discovery through natural product research has been fruitful over the years. Traditionally, Calotropis procera is used extensively in the management of epilepsy. This study is conducted to explore the anticonvulsant effect of a hydroethanolic leaf extract of Calotropis procera (CPE) in murine models. This effect was evaluated using picrotoxin-induced convulsions, strychnine-induced convulsions, and isoniazid- and pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in mice of both sexes. The results showed that CPE (100-300\u2009mg\/kg) exhibited an anticonvulsant effect against strychnine-induced clonic seizures by significantly reducing the duration (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.0068<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and frequency (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.0016<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) of convulsions. The extract (100-300\u2009mg\/kg) caused a profound dose-dependent delay in the onset of clonic convulsions induced by picrotoxin (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.0001<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and tonic convulsions (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.0001<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) in mice. The duration of convulsions was reduced significantly also for both clonic and tonic (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>p<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>&lt;<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.0001<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) seizures as well. CPE (100-300\u2009mg\/kg), showed a profound anticonvulsant effect and reduced mortality in the pilocarpine-induced convulsions. ED50 (~0.1007) determined demonstrated that the extract was less potent than diazepam in reducing the duration and onset of convulsions but had comparable efficacies. Flumazenil\u2014a GABAA receptor antagonist\u2014did not reverse the onset or duration of convulsions produced by the extract in the picrotoxin-induced seizure model. In isoniazid-induced seizure, CPE (300\u2009mg\u2009kg1, p.o.) significantly (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>p<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>&lt;<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.001<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) delayed the onset of seizure in mice and prolonged latency to death in animals. Overall, the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Calotropis procera possesses anticonvulsant properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5566890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T20:36:16Z","timestamp":1624912576000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Anticonvulsant Effect of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Calotropis procera (Ait) R. Br. (Apocynaceae)"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6903-7774","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ernest","family":"Obese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-5387","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert Peter","family":"Biney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6830-0283","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Isaac Tabiri","family":"Henneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6254-6397","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emmanuel Awintiig","family":"Adakudugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7086-9332","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Anokwah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2204-8059","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lovia Serwaa","family":"Agyemang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2182-5736","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric","family":"Woode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Allied Health Sciences, Ho, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8317-9602","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elvis Ofori","family":"Ameyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"Epilepsy","author":"WHO","year":"2019"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153717"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.02.003"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-2195-9_1"},{"key":"6","article-title":"Anticonvulsant effect of Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) 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