{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T06:17:53Z","timestamp":1769149073569,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been used as a biomarker to assess the risk of cardiovascular accidents (CVA) and to measure general inflammation in the body. This study investigated the relationship and extent of correlation between serum glucose level markers and hs-CRP as a means to assess CVA risk through hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting glucose levels. Methods. This cross-sectional, population-based study used data from the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). From the total sample of 8,127 people, 4,590 subjects were excluded due to age (&lt;19 years) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>n<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>1,505<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis or medication (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>n<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>596<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), inactivity (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>n<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>424<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), pregnancy (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>n<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>17<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), hypoglycemia (&lt;70\u2009mg\/dL) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>n<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>=<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>8<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), smoking history (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>n<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>=<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>1,077<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and missing data (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mi>n<\/m:mi>\n                        <m:mo>=<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>963<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). In total, 3,537 adults not diagnosed with diabetes were selected. Their hs-CRP levels were compared with the glucose level markers using a complex sample general linear regression analysis. Results. We adjusted for sedentary hours, smoking, binge drinking frequency, age, sex, mean SBP, triglycerides, and waist circumference. Increases in HbA1c correlated with hs-CRP levels (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:mi>B<\/o:mi>\n                        <o:mtext>\u2009<\/o:mtext>\n                        <o:mtext>coefficient<\/o:mtext>\n                        <o:mtext>\u2009<\/o:mtext>\n                        <o:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\">\n                           <o:mrow>\n                              <o:mn>95<\/o:mn>\n                              <o:mi>%<\/o:mi>\n                              <o:mtext>CI<\/o:mtext>\n                           <\/o:mrow>\n                        <\/o:mfenced>\n                        <o:mo>=<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>0.185<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <s:mi>p<\/s:mi>\n                        <s:mo>=<\/s:mo>\n                        <s:mn>0.001<\/s:mn>\n                     <\/s:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, and <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <u:math xmlns:u=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\">\n                        <u:msup>\n                           <u:mrow>\n                              <u:mi>R<\/u:mi>\n                           <\/u:mrow>\n                           <u:mrow>\n                              <u:mn>2<\/u:mn>\n                           <\/u:mrow>\n                        <\/u:msup>\n                        <u:mo>=<\/u:mo>\n                        <u:mn>0.087<\/u:mn>\n                     <\/u:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Changes in the fasting glucose levels were also associated with the hs-CRP levels (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <w:math xmlns:w=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\">\n                        <w:mi>B<\/w:mi>\n                        <w:mtext>\u2009<\/w:mtext>\n                        <w:mtext>coefficient<\/w:mtext>\n                        <w:mtext>\u2009<\/w:mtext>\n                        <w:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\">\n                           <w:mrow>\n                              <w:mn>95<\/w:mn>\n                              <w:mi>%<\/w:mi>\n                              <w:mtext>CI<\/w:mtext>\n                           <\/w:mrow>\n                        <\/w:mfenced>\n                        <w:mo>=<\/w:mo>\n                        <w:mn>0.005<\/w:mn>\n                     <\/w:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <ab:math xmlns:ab=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\">\n                        <ab:mi>p<\/ab:mi>\n                        <ab:mo>=<\/ab:mo>\n                        <ab:mn>0.006<\/ab:mn>\n                     <\/ab:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, and <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <cb:math xmlns:cb=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M13\">\n                        <cb:msup>\n                           <cb:mrow>\n                              <cb:mi>R<\/cb:mi>\n                           <\/cb:mrow>\n                           <cb:mrow>\n                              <cb:mn>2<\/cb:mn>\n                           <\/cb:mrow>\n                        <\/cb:msup>\n                        <cb:mo>=<\/cb:mo>\n                        <cb:mn>0.086<\/cb:mn>\n                     <\/cb:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Conclusion. This study showed a linear association between HbA1c and fasting glucose levels and hs-CRP. It also showed that changes in the hs-CRP level were better correlated with those in the HbA1c levels than in the fasting glucose levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5585938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T22:05:07Z","timestamp":1617401107000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Association of Hemoglobin A1c and Fasting Glucose Levels with hs-CRP in Adults Not Diagnosed with Diabetes from the KNHANES, 2017"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2332-9015","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeong Woo","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1090-716X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sat Byul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(99)80023-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"2","first-page":"50","article-title":"The application of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein in clinical practice: a 2015 update","volume":"40","author":"M. 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Wolf","year":"1993","journal-title":"British Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"17","volume-title":"Use of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: an abbreviated report of a WHO consultation","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2021\/5585938.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2021\/5585938.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2021\/5585938.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T22:05:10Z","timestamp":1617401110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2021\/5585938\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Rothe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["5585938","5585938"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/5585938","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6753","2314-6745"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6753","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2314-6745","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]}}}