{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:45:37Z","timestamp":1780447537403,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. A wide range of indigenous vegetables grow in Uganda especially during rainy seasons but scarcely during droughts, except those that are commercially grown. Although a number of these vegetables have medicinal values, they have not been satisfactorily studied besides conservation. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional ethnobotanical survey in Northern Uganda in order to document traditional medicinal vegetables and their uses. Methods. Qualitative and quantitative approaches of data collection and analysis were employed using semistructured, interviewer-administered questionnaires as well as key informant interviews following international ethical codes. Fidelity levels and informant consensus factors were also calculated. Results. 13 traditional vegetables belonging to 10 families were reported to serve as folk medicines. The most dominant families were Fabaceae (23.08%) and Solanaceae (15.38%). The most often used vegetables were Corchorus spp., Hibiscus spp., and Asystasiagangeticafor musculoskeletal (51%), gastrointestinal (34.3%), and malaria (31.8%). The vegetables were cultivated in the backyard and the leaves stewed for the different ailments. The informant consensus factor was the highest for Corchorus spp., in the treatment of joint pain\/stiffness (0.92-1) while the highest fidelity level was (60.42%) for Amaranthus spp., in the management of anemia. Conclusions. Northern Uganda has numerous traditional vegetables with medicinal benefits. Diseases treated range from gastrointestinal to reproductive through musculoskeletal abnormalities. The community obtains vegetable leaves from the backyard and stews them regularly for the medicinal purposes with no specific dosage. Therefore, we recommend studies to verify in laboratory models the efficacy of these vegetables and standardize the dosages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5588196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T18:35:09Z","timestamp":1626374109000},"page":"1-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Traditional Medicinal Vegetables in Northern Uganda: An Ethnobotanical Survey"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4361-8594","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Nakaziba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Lira University, Lira, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1421-1178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maxson Kenneth","family":"Anyolitho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Lira University, Lira, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6372-8910","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sharon Bright","family":"Amanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Lira University, Lira, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0499-1011","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Crispin Duncan","family":"Sesaazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6564-9703","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frederick","family":"Byarugaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1159-1307","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jasper","family":"Ogwal-Okeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Lira University, Lira, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9329-3441","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul E.","family":"Alele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.104709"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.148782"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.10.036"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2153-2435.1000e139"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20034180"},{"issue":"4","key":"6","first-page":"557","article-title":"Antimicrobial potential of leaves of Psidium guajava","volume":"6","author":"C. Chandekar","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Bioscan"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.05.006"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00197-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"9","first-page":"268","article-title":"Status and utilization of medicinal plants in Rangamati of Bangladesh","volume":"2","author":"M. Sharif","year":"2006","journal-title":"Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/act.2008.14602"},{"key":"11","article-title":"WHO Model List of Essential Medicines: 17th List, March 2011","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109s169"},{"issue":"2","key":"13","first-page":"56","article-title":"Traditional leafy vegetables: a future herbal medicine","volume":"3","author":"V. S. Kamble","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Agricultural and Food Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"14","first-page":"232","article-title":"Medicinal importance of some common indian vegetables part I","volume":"4","author":"K. Parikh","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ancient science of life"},{"key":"15","article-title":"Conservation and use of traditional vegetables in Uganda","volume":"16","author":"E. B. Rubaihayo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops (IPGRI)"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajfand.v6i2.71738"},{"key":"17","article-title":"Uganda-the Ccontribution of indigenous vegetables to household food security","author":"E. Rubaihayo","year":"2002"},{"key":"18","volume-title":"Produced by Mwanamugimu Nutrition Services, Ministry of Health and the Department of Home Economics","author":"K. J. Child","year":"1984"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-2-25"},{"issue":"2","key":"20","first-page":"24","article-title":"Diversity and Usage Custom of Plants of Western Himachal Pradesh, India-Part I","volume":"3","author":"A. K. Gautam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Phytology"},{"key":"21","volume-title":"The National Population and Housing Census 2014 \u2013 Area Specific Profile Series","author":"Statistics UBo","year":"2017"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/0-8213-4431-5"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13645570500154642"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3205035"},{"key":"25","article-title":"Sampling methods and sample size calculation for SMART methodology","author":"S. Methodology","year":"2012"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2008.02.22.23.35.c6420"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333393615597674"},{"key":"28","article-title":"Using the key informants interviews (KIIs) technique: a social sciences study with Malaysian and Pakistani","author":"M. K. David","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"29","first-page":"49","article-title":"The importance of pilot studies","volume":"35","author":"E. Van Teijlingen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social research update"},{"key":"30","article-title":"International society of ethnobiology code of ethics (with 2008 additions)","author":"International Society of Ethnobiology","year":"2006"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17348\/era.14.0.505-516"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2993\/0278-0771(2007)27[182:CAMISM]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"33","volume-title":"Ethnobotany: a methods manual","author":"G. J. Martin","year":"2014"},{"key":"34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biological characteristics, nutritional and medicinal value of roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa","volume":"604","author":"Y. Qi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circular-urban forestry natural resources and environment"},{"issue":"2","key":"35","first-page":"73","article-title":"Effect of cobalt and nickel on plant growth, yield and flavonoids content of Hibiscus sabdariffa L","volume":"1","author":"E. E. Aziz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"36","first-page":"77","article-title":"Hibiscus sabdariffa linn\u2014an overview","volume":"8","author":"M. N. Shivali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Natural Product Radiance"},{"issue":"2","key":"37","first-page":"121","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa, Acacia seyal var. seyal and Sphaeranthus suaveolens var. suaveolens against upper respiratory tract pathogens","volume":"1","author":"H. Kamali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"38","first-page":"30","article-title":"Lactogenic study of the ethyl-acetate fraction of Hibiscus sabdariffa linn seed on pituitary prolactin level of lactating albino rats","volume":"6","author":"I. Bako","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products"},{"issue":"4","key":"39","first-page":"575","article-title":"Study of the effect of aqueous Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn seed extract on serum prolactin level of lactating female albino rats","volume":"22","author":"M. Okasha","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Scientific Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"40","first-page":"161","article-title":"Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of Gynandropsis gynandra and Buchholzia coriaceae extracts","volume":"3","author":"E. Ajaiyeoba","year":"2000","journal-title":"African Journal of Biomedical Research"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1187-9"},{"key":"42","volume-title":"African Indigenous Vegetables: An Overview of the Cultivated Species","author":"R. R. Schippers","year":"2002"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.06.011"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/apra.v5i2.49827"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11138\/ccmbm\/2017.14.1.209"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJFS2014.1136"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-9-31"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/EJMP\/2018\/43897"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ajps.2008.615.618"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12229"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6000\/1927-3037.2016.05.03.1"},{"key":"52","article-title":"Bronchospasmolytic activity of the extract and fractions of Asystasia gangetica l eaves","author":"A. Ezike","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"53","first-page":"219","article-title":"Preliminary phytochemistry, antibacterial and antifungal properties of extracts of Asystasia gangetica Linn T. Anderson grown in Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"A. Hamid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of advanced applied scientific research"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6299(15)30147-2"},{"key":"55","first-page":"44","article-title":"Pharmacological Activities of Vigna Unguiculata (L) Walp: A review","volume-title":"International Journal of Pharma and Chemical Research","author":"V. K. I. Sayeed"},{"key":"56","first-page":"19","article-title":"The biological significance of vitamin a in humans: a review of nutritional aspects and clinical considerations","volume":"1","author":"R. Oruch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science Jet"},{"key":"57","first-page":"2","article-title":"Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts of Brassica oleracea against selected microbes","volume":"2","author":"S. Paul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Medical Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"58","first-page":"009","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of Brassica oleracea (broccoli)\u2013a review","volume":"7","author":"C. Ravikumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Development and Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.7439\/ijpp.v2i3.492","article-title":"Overview on Cucurbita maxima","volume":"2","author":"S. D. Dubey","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Phytopharmacy"},{"issue":"1","key":"60","first-page":"15","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of Cucurbita maxima flowers (pumpkin)","volume":"5","author":"N. Muruganantham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"61","first-page":"2258","article-title":"Amaranthus grain nutritional benefits: a review","volume":"7","author":"N. K. Maurya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry"},{"key":"62","volume-title":"Edible and medicinal plants of the West","author":"G. L. Tilford","year":"1997"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-8661-7","volume-title":"Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants","author":"T. K. Lim","year":"2012"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21839\/jaar.2016.v1i2.20"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-8-35"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-015-0077-4"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2028.2007.00742.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"68","first-page":"135","article-title":"Biochemistry, medicinal and food values of jute (Corchorus capsularis L. and C. olitorius L.) leaf: a review","volume":"2","author":"M. M. Islam","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Enhanced Research In Science Technology & Engineering"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.09.035"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Food Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijfs\/2021\/5588196.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijfs\/2021\/5588196.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijfs\/2021\/5588196.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T12:57:55Z","timestamp":1627304275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijfs\/2021\/5588196\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Severino Matias de","family":"Alencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["5588196","5588196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/5588196","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-5765","2356-7015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-5765","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2356-7015","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]}}}