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Alongside the prolongation of patients\u2019 life, adverse side effects associated with long\u2010term therapy are becoming an increasing problem. Therefore, optimizing of HAART is extremely important. The study is aimed at evaluating the toxicity of abacavir and etravirine in monotherapy on the reproductive system, liver, kidneys, and bones in young, sexually mature, male rats. Thirty\u2010six 8\u2010week\u2010old male Wistar rats randomized into three 12\u2010animal groups received either normal saline (control), abacavir 60\u2009mg\/kg (AB group), or etravirine 40\u2009mg\/kg (ET group) once daily for 16 weeks. Semen morphology, oxide\u2013redox state parameters (MDA, SOD, catalase, GPx, glutathione, GSH\/GSSG ratio) in tissue homogenates (testes, liver, kidneys), and serum samples were studied. In bones, microcomputed tomography and a four\u2010point bending test were performed. Total sperm count, sperm concentration, motility, and sperm morphology did not differ significantly in AB or ET groups compared to the control. In the flow cytometry of semen, an increased percentage of cells with denatured DNA was noticed for both tested drugs. However, no significant changes of oxide\u2013redox state in testicular homogenates were found, except of increased SOD activity in the AB\u2010receiving group. Additionally, ET significantly altered catalase and GPx in the liver and SOD activity in kidneys. Abacavir decreased catalase in the liver and GSH levels in kidneys. AB caused significant changes to bone microarchitecture (bone volume fraction, trabecular number, connectivity density, total porosity) and increased Young\u2019s modulus. Etravirine had a greater impact on macrometric parameters of bones (tibial index, mid\u2010tibial diameter, femur length). After 4 weeks in the ET group, a lower 1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> serum concentration was found. The results showed that abacavir and etravirine disturb oxidative stress. An increase in the percentage of sperms with chromatin damage suggests decreased fertility in rats receiving the studied drugs. Both drugs affected bone formation in growing rats. Additionally, etravirine disturbed vitamin D metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5596090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T02:35:08Z","timestamp":1627785308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Long\u2010Term Administration of Abacavir and Etravirine Impairs Semen Quality and Alters Redox System and Bone Metabolism in Growing Male Wistar 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