{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:16:58Z","timestamp":1790817418380,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":322,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhongshan Social Public Welfare and Basic Research Project","award":["2020B1097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1097"]}]},{"name":"Zhongshan Social Public Welfare and Basic Research Project","award":["B2020173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2020173"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project","award":["2020B1097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1097"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project","award":["B2020173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2020173"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Clinical studies have found that increasing levels of plasma endothelin\u20101 (ET\u20101) might inhibit choroidal blood flow (BF) and promote choroidal vasoconstriction. This study was designed to investigate ET\u20101 levels and its effect on choroidal microvascular morphology in a retinitis pigmentosa (RP) animal model.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Mice with retinal degeneration (rd10) were intragastrically administered bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist. We detected plasma ET\u20101 levels using an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit at P14, P21, and P28 and evaluated ET\u20101 expression in RPE\/choroid\/sclera complexes using western blot and whole mount immunofluorescence staining at P28. Retinal thickness was measured using hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining at P28. At the same time, we also estimated choroidal microvascular densities using vascular luminal casting with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Plasma ET\u20101 levels were increased significantly in rd10 mice at P21 (65.48\u2009\u00b1\u200924.83 pg\/ml) and P28 (85.89\u2009\u00b1\u200920.23 pg\/ml) compared with C57BL\/6J mice at P21 (33.52\u2009\u00b1\u200916.33 pg\/ml) and P28 (42.38\u2009\u00b1\u200917.53 pg\/ml); the expression of ET\u20101 was also upregulated in RPE\/choroid\/sclera complexes at P28. Bosentan inhibited ET\u20101 expression in plasma (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) and RPE\/choroid\/sclera complexes at P28 in rd10 mice. Choroidal microvascular densities were decreased in rd10 mice, and bosentan could weaken these changes.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Plasma and local ET\u20101 was elevated in an animal model of RP, suggesting that it likely participates in the pathological progression of retinal degeneration and may thus provide a new intervention target. ET\u20101 blockade might exert its protective effect by elevating choroidal microvascular density via inhibition of ET\u20101.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5688300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T01:20:08Z","timestamp":1637371208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonist on a Retinal Degeneration Animal Model by Regulating Choroidal Microvascular Morphology"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9855-6482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuming","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naiyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6860-8993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4817-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2018.1430242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(06)69740-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.04.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-013-9374-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2009.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000063841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689609017618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680701391529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689509003759"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2460"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","unstructured":"A. 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