{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T17:55:46Z","timestamp":1762624546236,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":63,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51809099","51879111","51679095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51809099","51879111","51679095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B210201010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B210201010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With renewable energy (RE) being increasingly connected to power grids, pumped storage plants (PSPs) play a very important role in restraining the fluctuation of power grids. However, conventional control strategy could not adapt well to the different control tasks. This paper proposes an intelligent nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) strategy, in which hydraulic\u2010mechanical and electrical subsystems are combined in a synchronous control framework. A newly proposed online sequential extreme learning machine algorithm with forgetting factor (named WOS\u2010ELM) is introduced to learn the dynamic behaviors of the coupling system. Specifically, the initial learning parameters are optimized by prior\u2010knowledge learning and a new self\u2010adaptive adjustment strategy is also put forward. Subsequently, the stair\u2010like control strategy and artificial sheep algorithm (ASA) are used in rolling the optimization mechanism to replace the existing complex differential geometric solutions. Comparative experiments are carried out under different working conditions based on a PSP in China. The results show that the influence from coupling factors can be considerable and the proposed MPC strategy indicates superiority in voltage and load adjustment as well as the frequency oscillation suppression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5692621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T18:20:24Z","timestamp":1614968424000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Pumped Storage Plants Based on Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine with Forgetting Factor"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0254-6504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1664-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoshun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zijun","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chunwang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","article-title":"A balancing act for renewables","volume":"1","author":"Elliott; D.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Energy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.06.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","unstructured":"World energy Outlook 2018.https:\/\/www.iea.org\/weo2018\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2013.04.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.03.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2019.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2015.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2903124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2018.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.12.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118516072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2019.01.274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2016.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11040944"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2018.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.07.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2018.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprocont.2018.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2018.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jngse.2018.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app9193987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2005.12.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2006.880583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-014-1555-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2014.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.09.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2018.2826015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549717695669"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.04.068"},{"volume-title":"Power System Dynamics: Stability and Control","year":"2011","author":"Machowski J.","key":"e_1_2_10_34_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3348-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.11.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2019.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2017.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","unstructured":"TaoZ. 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