{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T04:21:08Z","timestamp":1773375668693,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovascular Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. In spite of the established importance of detecting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blocker- (ARB-) induced hyperkalemia, there have not been many studies on the time of its occurrence. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records to determine the onset time and incidence rate of hyperkalemia (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mtext>serum<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:mtext>\u2009<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:mtext>potassium<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:mo>&gt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>5.5<\/a:mn>\n                        <a:mtext>\u2009<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:mtext>mEq<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:mo>\/<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mtext>L<\/a:mtext>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> or 6.0\u2009mEq\/L) among hospitalized patients newly started on a 15-day ACEI or ARB therapy. Results. Among 3101 hospitalized patients, hyperkalemia incidence was 0.5%\u20130.9% and 0.8%\u20132.1% in the ACEI and ARB groups, respectively. However, it was not significantly different among different ARB types. Hyperkalemia\u2019s onset was distributed throughout 15 days, without any trend. Hyperkalemia incidence was 7.3 and 35.1 times higher at 5.5\u2009mEq\/L (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mtext>hazard<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mtext>\u2009<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mtext>ratio<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mtext>\u2009<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\">\n                           <c:mrow>\n                              <c:mtext>HR<\/c:mtext>\n                           <\/c:mrow>\n                        <\/c:mfenced>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>7.31<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <g:mn>95<\/g:mn>\n                        <g:mi>%<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mtext>confidence<\/g:mtext>\n                        <g:mtext>\u2009<\/g:mtext>\n                        <g:mtext>interval<\/g:mtext>\n                        <g:mtext>\u2009<\/g:mtext>\n                        <g:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\">\n                           <g:mrow>\n                              <g:mtext>CI<\/g:mtext>\n                           <\/g:mrow>\n                        <\/g:mfenced>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>4.19<\/g:mn>\n                        <g:mo>\u2013<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>12.76<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <k:mi>p<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>&lt;<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.001<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and 6.0\u2009mEq\/L (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <m:mtext>HR<\/m:mtext>\n                        <m:mo>=<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>35.11<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <o:mn>95<\/o:mn>\n                        <o:mi>%<\/o:mi>\n                        <o:mtext>CI<\/o:mtext>\n                        <o:mo>=<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>8.25<\/o:mn>\n                        <o:mo>\u2013<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>149.52<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <q:mi>p<\/q:mi>\n                        <q:mo>&lt;<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>0.001<\/q:mn>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), respectively, than the baseline creatinine level. Hyperkalemia incidence in patients with chronic renal failure was 5.7 and 9.2 times higher at 5.5\u2009mEq\/L (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <s:mtext>HR<\/s:mtext>\n                        <s:mo>=<\/s:mo>\n                        <s:mn>5.72<\/s:mn>\n                     <\/s:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <u:math xmlns:u=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <u:mn>95<\/u:mn>\n                        <u:mi>%<\/u:mi>\n                        <u:mtext>CI<\/u:mtext>\n                        <u:mo>=<\/u:mo>\n                        <u:mn>3.24<\/u:mn>\n                        <u:mo>\u2013<\/u:mo>\n                        <u:mn>10.12<\/u:mn>\n                     <\/u:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <w:math xmlns:w=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\">\n                        <w:mi>p<\/w:mi>\n                        <w:mo>&lt;<\/w:mo>\n                        <w:mn>0.001<\/w:mn>\n                     <\/w:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and 6.0\u2009mEq\/L (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <y:math xmlns:y=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\">\n                        <y:mtext>HR<\/y:mtext>\n                        <y:mo>=<\/y:mo>\n                        <y:mn>9.16<\/y:mn>\n                     <\/y:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <ab:math xmlns:ab=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\">\n                        <ab:mn>95<\/ab:mn>\n                        <ab:mi>%<\/ab:mi>\n                        <ab:mtext>CI<\/ab:mtext>\n                        <ab:mo>=<\/ab:mo>\n                        <ab:mn>4.02<\/ab:mn>\n                        <ab:mo>\u2013<\/ab:mo>\n                        <ab:mn>20.88<\/ab:mn>\n                     <\/ab:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <cb:math xmlns:cb=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M13\">\n                        <cb:mi>p<\/cb:mi>\n                        <cb:mo>&lt;<\/cb:mo>\n                        <cb:mn>0.001<\/cb:mn>\n                     <\/cb:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), respectively. Conclusions. It is unlikely that it is necessary to monitor hyperkalemia immediately after administration of ACEI or ARB. However, when prescribed for patients with abnormal kidney function, clinicians should always consider the possibility of developing hyperkalemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5935149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T12:08:46Z","timestamp":1614686926000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Onset of Hyperkalemia following the Administration of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Hye-Ran","family":"Jun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women\u2019s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Hyoung","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunyong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Coordinating Center, Catholic Medical Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyeon Woo","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun-Ho","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7002-7300","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hun-Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-019-0974-3"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000489913"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.10.011"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-5922.12272"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.807917"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2003.10.012"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190016665540"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2016.01.001"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07821109"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12109"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-14-83"},{"issue":"7, article e0054282017","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005428","article-title":"Hyperkalemia after initiating renin\u2013angiotensin system blockade: the Stockholm creatinine measurements (SCREAM) Project","volume":"6","author":"G. 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