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The most common clinical manifestation of Clostridium difficile infection is diarrhea. However, pleural effusion and ascites have rarely been observed. As mentioned, these manifestations can be developed in a patient being treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Therefore, the present study reports a rare case of Clostridium difficile infection manifesting with these rare manifestations who was a 78-year-old female patient with a history of COVID-19, orthopedic surgery, and antibiotic treatment with cefixime and gentamicin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6019068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T19:50:10Z","timestamp":1640980210000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Rare Case of Pseudomembranous Colitis Presenting with Pleural Effusion and Ascites with Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6257-8217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hossain","family":"Salehi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Ward, Baharlo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1724-6432","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amir Mohammad","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Student, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0422-x"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651706"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.8273"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00254"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2380-3"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.08.009"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.04.005"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8050134"},{"key":"9","first-page":"162","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"22","author":"E. 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Alsultan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Austin Journal of Nephrology and Hypertension"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crigm\/2021\/6019068.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crigm\/2021\/6019068.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/crigm\/2021\/6019068.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T19:50:13Z","timestamp":1640980213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/crigm\/2021\/6019068\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Moriwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["6019068","6019068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6019068","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-6536","2090-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-6536","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2090-6528","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]}}}