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There is a positive association between serum magnesium and hemoglobin levels in the general population. However, no studies have evaluated the association between serum magnesium and hemoglobin levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between serum magnesium and hemoglobin levels in the patient population with PHPT. Methods. This retrospective study included 307 hospitalized PHPT patients who were continuously admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, from January 2010 to August 2020. Laboratory and demographic data of patients were collected. Hypomagnesemia was defined as serum magnesium &lt;0.75\u2009mmol\/L. Patients with a hemoglobin level below 130\u2009g\/L in males and below 120\u2009g\/L in females were accepted as the anemic group. Results. Among the 307 patients with PHPT included in our study, 77 (25.1%) patients (33 (32.4%) males and 44 (21.5%) females) had hypomagnesemia. A total of 138 (45.0%) patients (49 males (48.0%) and 89 females (43.4%)) had anemia. Compared with the nonanemic group, the anemic group had lower average albumin, eGFR, and serum magnesium levels in both males and females. In contrast, average creatinine, PTH, and corrected calcium were significantly higher in the anemic group than in the nonanemic group in both males and females. Lower serum magnesium levels were associated with lower hemoglobin levels independent of serum calcium, albumin, eGFR, and PTH in PHPT patients. Conclusions. Hypomagnesemia is a common electrolyte disorder in PHPT patients. Hypomagnesemia is independently associated with lower hemoglobin levels in patients with PHPT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6049317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T20:50:06Z","timestamp":1638046206000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between Serum Magnesium and Hemoglobin in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2109-8265","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Na","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Health Management Center and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China"},{"name":"Blood Transfusion Department, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, 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