{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:36:13Z","timestamp":1780317373030,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81850410548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81850410548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81904287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81904287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-JYB-JS-096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-JYB-JS-096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004846","name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81850410548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81850410548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004846","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004846","name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81904287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81904287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004846","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004846","name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-JYB-JS-096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-JYB-JS-096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004846","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Moxa floss is a type of biomass used as the main combustion material in moxibustion, a therapy that applies heat from moxa floss combustion to points or body areas for treatment. Safety concerns regarding moxa smoke have been raised in recent years. Since moxa floss is the source material in moxibustion, its thermal behavior and pyrolysis products would be related to the products formed in moxa smoke. This work aims to understand the thermal behavior of moxa floss and investigate the pyrolysis products generated from moxa floss combustion. Six commercial moxa floss samples of 3 storage years and 10 storage years, and of low, medium, and high ratios, were selected. The kinetic data from moxa floss combustion was carried out by a thermogravimetric analyzer. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy using a gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer equipped with a pyroprobe were used to examine the pyrolysis products. Thermogravimetric profiles for all the samples were overall similar and showed a monotonic weight decrease. The range of intensive reaction temperature occurred between 150\u00b0C and 450\u00b0C, which was characterized by a major weight loss and accompanied by an exothermal degradation of the main components. The average ignition temperature for the samples of 3 and 10 storage years was 218.3\u00b0C and 222.6\u00b0C, respectively, which was lower than most herbaceous plants. The identified pyrolysis products include monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, acids, and alkanes. All were of relatively low intensities of below 5% in relative abundance. No volatiles were detected in the samples of 10 storage years. The relatively low values of ignition temperature suggested that moxa floss is more combustible and can be ignited more easily than other herbaceous plants. This may explain why moxa floss has remained as the preferred material used for moxibustion over the years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6298565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T23:35:09Z","timestamp":1613604909000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Study of Thermal Behavior of Moxa Floss Using Thermogravimetric and Pyrolysis-GC\/MS Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3827-0420","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Min Yee","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3554-9402","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2940-7034","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Second-affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100078, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4716-7540","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7571-1865","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yutang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9948-8186","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Baixiao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9852-7465","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Second-affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100078, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3068-2690","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Furong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian 350122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1620-4281","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junjie","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acupuncture Department, Xiamen Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7352-9779","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acupuncture Department, Xiamen Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306515","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nep163","article-title":"The effectiveness of moxibustion: an overview during 10 years","volume":"2011","author":"S.-Y. 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