{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T21:03:41Z","timestamp":1740171821465,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81802447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81802447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To demonstrate whether procalcitonin (PCT) combined with calcitonin (CT) could provide additional diagnostic value to other clinically available rheumatoid arthritis- (RA-) related biomarkers in the early diagnosis of RA. Method. The blood samples aseptically collected by venipuncture were centrifuged within 1 hour and frozen at -80\u00b0C. PCT and CT levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) in 260 subjects (48 patients with early RA, 34 patients with established RA, 37 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 30 with osteoarthritis, 31 with gouty arthritis, and 80 healthy participants). Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (Anti-CCP) and anti-RA33 antibodies (Anti-RA33) were analyzed by ELISA. RF was detected by transmission immunoturbidimetry. Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>U<\/a:mi>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests compared differences among groups. Spearman\u2019s rank correlation analysis determined the relationship between biomarkers. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated, and diagnostic performance was assessed by area under the curve (AUC), as well as specificity, sensitivity, likelihood ratios (LR). Results. Median serum PCT concentrations were significantly higher (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.0001<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) in patients with early RA (0.065\u2009ng\/ml) when compared with healthy controls (0.024\u2009ng\/ml), and patients with osteoarthritis (0.025\u2009ng\/ml). When compared with gouty arthritis (GA) controls (0.072\u2009ng\/ml) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) controls (0.093\u2009ng\/ml), median serum PCT concentrations were not significant in patients with early RA (0.065\u2009ng\/ml). Median serum CT concentrations were significantly lower (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.0001<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) in patients with early RA (0.880\u2009pg\/ml) compared with healthy controls (3.159\u2009pg\/ml), patients with SLE (2.480\u2009pg\/ml), and patients with GA (2.550\u2009pg\/ml). When compared with osteoarthritis controls (0.586\u2009pg\/ml), median serum CT concentrations were not significant in patients with early RA (0.880\u2009pg\/ml). ROC curve analysis comparing early RA with healthy controls demonstrated that the AUC of RF, anti-CCP, and anti-RA33 were 0.66, 0.73, and 0.64, respectively; the additions of PCT and CT further improved the diagnostic ability of early RA with the AUC of 0.97, 0.98, and 0.97, respectively (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.01<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The sensitivities of RF, anti-CCP, and anti-RA33 for early RA were 33.33%, 44.74%, and 58.33%, respectively, and the additions of PCT and CT showed very high sensitivities of 83.33%, 92.11%, and 87.50%. The high-value groups of PCT moderately correlated with the anti-RA33 levels (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>r<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>=<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.417<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>p<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>&lt;<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.05<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). CT had no significant correlation with disease duration, radiographic progression, or clinical\/serological variables, such as ESR levels, CRP levels, RF, anti-CCP, and anti-RA33 levels in early RA. Conclusions. Serum PCT and CT combined with clinically available RA-related biomarkers could further improve the diagnostic efficiency of early RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6331994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T17:58:37Z","timestamp":1622138317000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Combining Calcitonin and Procalcitonin and Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Biomarkers Improve Diagnostic Outcomes in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4879-8950","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yingwen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang 618000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Records Section, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yane","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6973-9338","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weixian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9152-3143","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"S295","article-title":"Overview of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"A. 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