{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T17:48:59Z","timestamp":1785606539956,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,11]],"date-time":"2021-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631318400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005844","name":"Diponegoro University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["010\/UN7.5.9\/KS\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["010\/UN7.5.9\/KS\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Adolescent girls are at risk for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) due to the higher demand of iron for growth and the loss of blood during menstruation. Consumption of foods containing iron that have higher bioavailability can reduce the risk of IDA although diets that are largely plant-based, like those consumed by many Sundanese people, may not contain sufficient bioavailable iron. Here, we investigated the correlation between plant-based diets and IDA in adolescent Sundanese girls who were students at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. Methods. A total of 176 girls from seven Islamic boarding schools in Tasikmalaya were recruited. Nutritional intake data were obtained using 24-hr dietary recall. Blood samples were analyzed with a Sysmex-XNL instrument to measure several parameters including hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Results. The prevalence of IDA in the study population was 22.2%. Iron intake was 6.59\u2009mg\/day, which was lower than the recommended amount. The molar ratio of phytic acid to iron and vitamin C to iron was 8.72 and 0.03, respectively. There was a correlation between heme iron and both hemoglobin (<jats:inline-formula><a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><a:mi>p<\/a:mi><a:mo>=<\/a:mo><a:mn>0.009<\/a:mn><\/a:math><\/jats:inline-formula>) and hematocrit (<jats:inline-formula><c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><c:mi>p<\/c:mi><c:mo>=<\/c:mo><c:mn>0.018<\/c:mn><\/c:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). Iron from meat, fish, and poultry was correlated with hemoglobin (<jats:inline-formula><e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><e:mi>p<\/e:mi><e:mo>=<\/e:mo><e:mn>0.009<\/e:mn><\/e:math><\/jats:inline-formula>) and hematocrit (<jats:inline-formula><g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><g:mi>p<\/g:mi><g:mo>=<\/g:mo><g:mn>0.011<\/g:mn><\/g:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). Conclusion. The Sundanese plant-based diet did not affect the IDA status. Instead, IDA was associated with consumption of less animal-based foods that have iron with higher bioavailability. Increased access to an animal-based menu at the school cafeteria could be an approach to prevent IDA in students at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6469883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T19:25:07Z","timestamp":1631561107000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2290-0395","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Zen","family":"Rahfiludin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3191-9840","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Septo Pawelas","family":"Arso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2326-4805","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tri","family":"Joko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4744-2108","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alfa Fairuz","family":"Asna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6237-8354","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Retno","family":"Murwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal and Agriculture, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1293-4092","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lilik","family":"Hidayanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Siliwangi University, Tasikmalaya 46115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","article-title":"Underweight, short stature and overweight in adolescents and young women in latin America and the caribbean","author":"WHO-Pan American Health Organization.","year":"2011"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21109\/kesmas.v13i2.1719"},{"key":"3","first-page":"440","article-title":"Determinants of undernutrition and overnutrition among adolescents in developing countries","volume":"23","author":"S. E. Cusick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"KharaT.MatesE.Adolescent Nutrition: Policy and Programming in SUN+ Countries2015London, UKSave the ChildrenTechnical Report"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000488865"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/AHMT.S94865"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2011.01.002"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.28674f"},{"key":"9","first-page":"2854","article-title":"Phytate, iron, zinc, and calcium content of common Bolivian foods and their estimated mineral bioavailability","volume":"7","author":"V. Castro-Alba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Sciences and Nutrition"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.4.881"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mjao11.11494"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000032"},{"issue":"2","key":"13","first-page":"213","article-title":"Determination of phytate, iron, zinc, calcium contents and their molar ratios in commonly consumed raw and prepared food in Malaysia","volume":"15","author":"M. E. 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