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A very severe and refractory form is rarely described. In this study, we present four patients with SLE and a very severe form of noninfectious cystitis refractory to the different forms of treatment described. The clinical descriptions of the cases, demographic factors, manifestations associated with SLE, and clinical and paraclinical manifestations related to cystitis, treatments, and outcomes are provided. A proposal for the pathogenesis of this condition is based on the common findings of these patients, including the fact that three were in SLE remission and all four receiving rituximab as induction and\/or maintenance therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6610111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T01:51:50Z","timestamp":1614477110000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Very Severe and Refractory Noninfectious Cystitis in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Potential Role of Rituximab Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Ocampo-Piraquive","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Rheumatology, Fundaci\u00f3n Valle Del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Mondrag\u00f3n-Lenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Fundaci\u00f3n Valle Del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan G.","family":"De los Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Fundaci\u00f3n Valle Del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6879-3700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Ca\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Rheumatology, Fundaci\u00f3n Valle Del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra1100359"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)71740-5"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.1965.tb09624.x"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-3-323"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14065"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203315588575"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2013.11.005"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100617"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.4708"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0101-2800.20160077"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.01.021"},{"key":"12","first-page":"95","article-title":"Reversible thickening of the bowel and urinary bladder wall in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Y. 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