{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T16:32:18Z","timestamp":1740155538852,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612396800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006507","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STHs) are poverty-related diseases with high prevalence rates in developing countries. The present study aims to describe the epidemiological scenario of STHs in an urban population in the Brazilian Amazon. A cross-sectional survey (n\u2009=\u2009349 children aged 1\u201315 years) was carried out to obtain faecal samples and sociodemographic and sanitation data. Among the children, 143 (41%) were positive for at least one STH. Prevalence rates of infections by A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworms were 24.4%, 42.6%, and 9%, respectively. A logistic regression multivariate model showed that infection with A. lumbricoides is significantly more frequent in children aged 11\u201315 years (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20092.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.15\u20134.94; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.018<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and the presence of latrines inside houses is a protection factor against ascariasis (OR\u2009=\u20090.38; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.17\u20130.85; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.019<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Positivity for T. trichiura is higher in the 5\u201310 (OR\u2009=\u20093.31; 95% IC\u2009=\u20091.85\u20135.89; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.001<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and 11\u201315 age groups (OR\u2009=\u20093.16; 95% IC\u2009=\u20091.66\u20136.00; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.001<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), in children living in poor families (OR\u2009=\u20091.78; 95% IC\u2009=\u20091.01\u20133.14; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>p<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>=<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.045<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and practicing open evacuation (OR\u2009=\u20092.07; 95% IC\u2009=\u20091.07\u20133.99; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>p<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>=<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.029<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Hookworm infection is more frequent in children aged 11\u201315 years (OR\u2009=\u20096.70; 95% IC\u2009=\u20091.91\u201323.43; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mi>p<\/m:mi>\n                        <m:mo>=<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>0.002<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), males (OR\u2009=\u20096.35; 95% IC\u2009=\u20092.00\u201320.14; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:mi>p<\/o:mi>\n                        <o:mo>=<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>0.002<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and those living in stilt houses (OR\u2009=\u20093.52; 95% IC\u2009=\u20091.22\u201310.12; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <q:mi>p<\/q:mi>\n                        <q:mo>=<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>0.019<\/q:mn>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The use of albendazole in the last six months was a protection factor against hookworm infection (OR\u2009=\u20090.31; 95% IC\u2009=\u20090.10\u20130.96; <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\">\n                        <s:mi>p<\/s:mi>\n                        <s:mo>=<\/s:mo>\n                        <s:mn>0.042<\/s:mn>\n                     <\/s:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The proportion of mild, moderate, and severe infections was 55.2%, 37.8%, and 7%, respectively, for A. lumbricoides, 72.4%, 24.3%, and 3.3% for T. trichiura, and 93.8%, 3.1%, and 3.1% for hookworms. Significantly higher worm burdens in T. trichiura and hookworm infections were associated with practicing open defecation and living in stilt houses. The data points to the need to improve sanitation infrastructure in Amazonian cities with similar sociodemographic and environmental characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6610181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T03:06:00Z","timestamp":1612494360000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Socioenvironmental Factors Influencing Distribution and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for the 2030 Agenda"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9311-2401","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deiviane Aparecida","family":"Calegar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Epidemiologia e Sistem\u00e1tica Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Polyanna Ara\u00fajo Alves","family":"Bacelar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Epidemiologia e Sistem\u00e1tica Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Escrit\u00f3rio T\u00e9cnico Regional Fiocruz Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda Bulsara Costa","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Epidemiologia e Sistem\u00e1tica Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Escrit\u00f3rio T\u00e9cnico Regional Fiocruz Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerla Joeline Lima","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escrit\u00f3rio T\u00e9cnico Regional Fiocruz Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica Pereira dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Epidemiologia e Sistem\u00e1tica Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Escrit\u00f3rio T\u00e9cnico Regional Fiocruz Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayron Morais","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Epidemiologia e Sistem\u00e1tica Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio Neves","family":"B\u00f3ia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mam\u00edferos Silvestres Reservat\u00f3rios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filipe Anibal","family":"Carvalho-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Epidemiologia e Sistem\u00e1tica Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Escrit\u00f3rio T\u00e9cnico Regional Fiocruz Piau\u00ed, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)31930-x"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qco.0000000000000395"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(06)68653-4"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-241.x"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000006867"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0036-46652014000300007"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3289-0"},{"volume-title":"Inqu\u00e9rito nacional de preval\u00eancia da esquistossomose mansoni e geo-helmintoses (INPEG)","year":"2016","author":"N. 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Paulo"},{"volume-title":"Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of Integrated Deworming Activities a Contribution to the Control of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in Latin America and the Caribbean","year":"2015","author":"Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization","key":"24"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2013.09.002"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0104-59702007000500007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2021\/6610181.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2021\/6610181.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2021\/6610181.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T03:06:07Z","timestamp":1612494367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2021\/6610181\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Pedro P.","family":"Chieffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["6610181","6610181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6610181","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9694","1687-9686"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-9694"},{"type":"print","value":"1687-9686"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]}}}