{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T05:24:13Z","timestamp":1782624253201,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Security and Communication Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"abstract":"LSB matching revisited is an LSB-based approach for image steganography. This method is a type of coding to increase the capacity of steganography. In this method, two bits of the secret message are hidden in two pixels with only one change. But this method provides no idea for hiding a message with a large number of bits. In other words, this method works only for \n \n n<\/a:mi>\n =<\/a:mo>\n 2<\/a:mn>\n <\/a:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>, where \n \n n<\/c:mi>\n <\/c:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula> is the number of bits in a block of the secret message. In this paper, we propose an improved version of the LSB matching revisited approach, which works for \n \n n<\/e:mi>\n ><\/e:mo>\n 2<\/e:mn>\n <\/e:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>. The proposed scheme contains two phases including embedding and extracting the message. In the embedding phase, we first convert the secret message into a bit-stream, and then the bit-stream is divided into a set of blocks including \n \n n<\/g:mi>\n <\/g:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula> bits in each block. Then we choose \n \n \n \n 2<\/i:mn>\n <\/i:mrow>\n \n n<\/i:mi>\n \u2212<\/i:mo>\n 1<\/i:mn>\n <\/i:mrow>\n <\/i:msup>\n <\/i:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula> pixels for hiding such \n \n n<\/k:mi>\n <\/k:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula> bits of the secret message. In the next step, we choose the operations needed to generate such a message. Finally, we perform the obtained operations over the coefficients to hide the secret message. The proposed approach needs fewer changes than LSB MR when \n \n n<\/m:mi>\n ><\/m:mo>\n 2<\/m:mn>\n <\/m:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>. The capacity of the proposed approach is \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 2<\/o:mn>\n <\/o:mrow>\n \n n<\/o:mi>\n <\/o:mrow>\n <\/o:msup>\n \u2212<\/o:mo>\n 1<\/o:mn>\n <\/o:mrow>\n <\/o:mfenced>\n \/<\/o:mo>\n \n \n \n 2<\/o:mn>\n <\/o:mrow>\n \n n<\/o:mi>\n \u2212<\/o:mo>\n 1<\/o:mn>\n <\/o:mrow>\n <\/o:msup>\n <\/o:mrow>\n <\/o:mrow>\n <\/o:mfenced>\n \u2212<\/o:mo>\n 1<\/o:mn>\n <\/o:mrow>\n <\/o:mfenced>\n \u00d7<\/o:mo>\n 100<\/o:mn>\n %<\/o:mo>\n <\/o:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula> higher than the F5 method where this value for \n \n n<\/z:mi>\n ><\/z:mo>\n 2<\/z:mn>\n <\/z:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula> is bigger than 75%. For example, the capacity of our scheme is 75% higher than the capacity of F5 for \n \n n<\/bb:mi>\n =<\/bb:mo>\n 3<\/bb:mn>\n <\/bb:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>. The proposed method can be used in the first step of every steganography method to reduce the change in the stego image. Therefore, this method is a new coding method for steganography. Our experimental results using steganalysis show that using our method provides around 10% higher detection error for SRNet over two steganography schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6610678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T01:59:06Z","timestamp":1612835946000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A New Method of Coding for Steganography Based on LSB Matching Revisited"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2133-3480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mansoor","family":"Fateh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahroud, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1172-1941","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Rezvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahroud, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9870-8423","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yasser","family":"Irani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahroud, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-013-9703-3"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.07.245"},{"key":"3","first-page":"1","article-title":"A high capacity geometrical domain based 3D image steganography scheme","author":"S. L. Farrag"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5120\/19941-1731"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.11.029","article-title":"Image steganography using uncorrelated color space and its application for security of visual contents in online social networks","volume":"86","author":"M. Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.668971"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/msecp.2003.1203220"},{"issue":"5","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-017-2944-5","article-title":"An adaptive hybrid fuzzy-wavelet approach for image steganography using bit reduction and pixel adjustment","volume":"22","author":"I. 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