{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:46:41Z","timestamp":1792550801704,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives. Existing evidence produces conflicting findings regarding the effect of sesame intake on inflammatory biomarkers; this knowledge gap has yet to be met through systematic review and meta-analysis. This meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the effects of sesame consumption on markers of inflammation in humans. Methods. PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched through August 2020 to identify relevant papers for inclusion. Using the random-effects model, data were evaluated as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Cochrane\u2019s Q and I-squared (I2) tests were used to identify within-studies heterogeneity. Results. Seven RCTs with 310 participants (157 intervention and 153 control) were included in the meta-analysis. Sesame consumption reduced serum level interleukin-6 (IL-6) (WMD\u2009\u2212\u20090.90; 95% CI (\u22121.71, \u22120.09), I2\u2009=\u200980.4%) compared to the control group. However, sesame intake had no significant effects on C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) compared to the control group. Subgroup analysis identified a reduction in serum CRP, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-6 concentration among studies with participants who had a higher level of these biomarkers at baseline, those which used sesamin capsules, and those with a bigger sample size, those conducted in Asia, and studies on females. Conclusion. Sesame consumption reduced serum levels of IL-6 but did not affect CRP and TNF-\u03b1 in humans. Additional trials should be conducted utilizing a larger and longer treatment duration, along with studies using different sesame formulations (capsule, oil, and seed) and conducting on participants with varied health conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6622981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T20:35:13Z","timestamp":1635798913000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects of Sesame Consumption on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7599-2268","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shabnam","family":"Rafiee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roghaye","family":"Faryabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Yargholi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1678-2460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Zareian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Health, Franklin School of Integrative Health Sciences, Franklin, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0441-8896","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nitin","family":"Shivappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2264-9367","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laila","family":"Shirbeigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000364934","article-title":"Low-grade systemic inflammation connects aging, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease","volume-title":"Aging and Health-A Systems Biology Perspective","author":"V. Guarner","year":"2015"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00354.x"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-014-0445-8"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05485"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(88)90003-1"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514062"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000097109.90783.fc"},{"key":"8","first-page":"1527","article-title":"The acute phase response and C-reactive protein","volume":"2","author":"M. Pepys","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oxford textbook of medicine"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci200318921"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2015.974804"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2020.155239"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533610385703"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12439"},{"issue":"4","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy310","article-title":"Garlic supplementation reduces circulating C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor, and Interleukin-6 in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"149","author":"M. Darooghegi Mofrad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmz048"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.07.012"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0461-y"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030561"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201400446"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390600919114"},{"key":"21","first-page":"89","article-title":"Sesamin as a natural antioxidant","volume":"20","author":"Q. Jin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/2212798411103010017"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.09.008"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2009.01.003"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2010.11.005"},{"issue":"10","key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8361","article-title":"Can sesame consumption improve blood pressure? A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of controlled trials","volume":"97","author":"H. Khosravi\u2010Boroujeni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114515005012"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2010.04.011"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.5974"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00196"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-019-0438-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"32","first-page":"207","article-title":"Effects of sesame seed supplementation on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"53","author":"M. K. Haghighian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Medica Iranica"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6433"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2012.00649.x"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2016.1204404"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"J. P. Higgins","year":"2019"},{"key":"38","volume-title":"Introduction to Meta-Analysis","author":"M. Borenstein","year":"2011"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-659"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2004.10.004"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/plef.1999.0112"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2007.05.007"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn20051371"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2012.630165"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.9.1012"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.04.010"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508061527"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2014.02.010"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eow001"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-015-0836-7"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425909351880"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf1046738"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/481827"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-18-93"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/6622981.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/6622981.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/6622981.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T08:01:51Z","timestamp":1673683311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/6622981\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["6622981","6622981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6622981","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-4288","1741-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]}}}