{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:50:16Z","timestamp":1790740216656,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620172800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a noninvasive modality to stimulate bone remodeling (BR) and the healing of hard and soft tissues. This research evaluates the biostimulatory effect of LIPUS on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and associated pain, when applied at 3-week intervals. Methods. Twenty-two patients (11 males and 11 females; mean age 19.18\u2009\u00b1\u20092.00 years) having Angle\u2019s Class II division 1 malocclusion needing bilateral extractions of maxillary first bicuspids were recruited for this split-mouth randomized clinical trial. After the initial stage of alignment and leveling with contemporary edgewise MBT (McLaughlin\u2013Bennett\u2013Trevisi) prescription brackets (Ortho Organizers, Carlsbad, Calif) of 22 mil, followed by extractions of premolars bilaterally, 6\u2009mm nickel-titanium spring was used to retract the canines separately by applying 150\u2009g force on 0.019\u2009\u00d7\u20090.025-in stainless steel working archwires. LIPUS (1.1\u2009MHz frequency and 30\u2009mW\/cm2 intensity output) was applied for 20 minutes extraorally and reapplied after 3 weeks for 2 more successive visits over the root of maxillary canine on the experimental side whereas the other side was placebo. A numerical rating scale- (NRS-) based questionnaire was given to the patients on each visit to record their weekly pain experience. Impressions were also made at each visit before the application of LIPUS (T1, T2, and T3). Models were scanned with a CAD\/CAM scanner (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland). Mann\u2013Whitney U test was applied for comparison of canine movement and pain intensity between both the groups. Results. No significant difference in the rate of canine movement was found among the experimental (0.90\u2009mm\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33\u2009mm) and placebo groups (0.81\u2009mm\u2009\u00b1\u20090.32\u2009mm). There was no difference in pain reduction between experimental and placebo groups (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&gt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Conclusion. Single-dose application of LIPUS at 3-week intervals is ineffective in stimulating the OTM and reducing associated treatment pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6624723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T18:05:51Z","timestamp":1620324351000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Biostimulatory Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Associated Pain, Applied at 3-Week Intervals: A Split-Mouth Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5179-7780","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Irfan","family":"Qamruddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Head of Orthodontic Department, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7131-1752","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Khursheed","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72721, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3750-5518","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Verda","family":"Mahroof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontic Department, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0581-3102","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meenaz","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4842-9896","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mubassar","family":"Fida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics Residency Programme, Section of Dental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2418-7995","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohd Fadhli","family":"Khamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5962-6110","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adam","family":"Husein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia"},{"name":"Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2395-9215(16)30035-6"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2018.01.007"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(91)70005-h"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2007.00469.x"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/031512-224.1"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1990.61.4.234"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.18231\/2455-6785.2017.0014","article-title":"Accelerated Orthodontics: a paradigm shift","volume":"3","author":"M. 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