{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:43:50Z","timestamp":1790351030368,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619395200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Aims. Patients may experience complications of Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) even when treated with optimal medical therapy strategies. Previous data have shown the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the management of complicated CD. However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal number of sessions or duration of treatment regimens. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of HBOT in CD patients who were refractory to conventional medical management. Methods. This study included patients who underwent HBOT for the treatment of the following complications: perianal fistulizing Crohn\u2019s disease (pCD), enterocutaneous fistulas (ECF), or pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). Complete healing was defined as the closure of external orifice and the absence of active draining (in pCD), complete wound healing (in PG), and granulation or complete wound epithelialization with no enteric draining (in ECF). The persistence of draining and the absence of wound granulation were defined as incomplete healing. Results. Forty patients were included. The mean CD duration was <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mn>10.6<\/a:mn>\n                        <a:mo>\u00b1<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>5.8<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> years. pCD comprised most of the included patients (25\/62.5%), followed by ECF (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>n<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>13<\/c:mn>\n                        <c:mo>\/<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>32.5<\/c:mn>\n                        <c:mi>%<\/c:mi>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and PG (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>n<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>6<\/e:mn>\n                        <e:mo>\/<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>15<\/e:mn>\n                        <e:mi>%<\/e:mi>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). In two patients (5%), a combination of ECF and PG was diagnosed, and in one patient (2.5%), all three complications were observed. A total of 32 patients (82.5%) had complete healing. Patients with PG had the highest healing rates (100%), followed by those with ECF (84.6%) and pCD (80%). Conclusions. Adjunctive HBO was associated with significant healing rates for CD-associated complications such as pCD, ECF, and PG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6628142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T22:35:40Z","timestamp":1619562940000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Adjunctive Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Refractory Crohn\u2019s Disease: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4440-2023","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marley R.","family":"Feitosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5566-9284","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rog\u00e9rio S.","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8644-5881","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vanessa F.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7860-9524","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gustavo N.","family":"Vilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8230-3862","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jussara C.","family":"Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Hospital, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7118-0545","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jos\u00e9 J. 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