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For more than six decades, COL is used in livestock around the globe, including Africa. The use of critically important antimicrobial agents, like COL, is largely unregulated in Africa, and many other factors militate against effective antimicrobial stewardship in the continent. Currently, ten <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic> genes (<jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\u20101 to <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\u201010) have been described. In Africa, <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\u20101, <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\u20102, <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\u20103, <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\u20105, <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\u20108, and <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\u20109 have been detected in isolates from humans, animals, foods of animal origin, and the environment. These genes are harboured by <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Citrobacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Alcaligenes<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> isolates. Different conjugative and nonconjugative plasmids form the backbone for <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic> in these isolates; however, <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\u20101 and <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\u20103 have also been integrated into the chromosome of some African strains. Insertion sequences (ISs) (especially IS<jats:italic>Apl1<\/jats:italic>), either located upstream or downstream of <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>, class 1 integrons, and transposons, are drivers of <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic> in Africa. Genes coding multi\/extensive drug resistance and virulence are colocated with <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic> on plasmids in African strains. Transmission of <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic> to\/among African strains is nonclonal. Contact with <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>\u2010habouring reservoirs, the consumption of contaminated foods of animal\/plant origin or fluid, animal\u2010\/plant\u2010based food trade and travel serve as exportation, importation, and transmission routes of <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic> gene\u2010containing bacteria in Africa. 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