{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T12:16:28Z","timestamp":1769948188602,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017YFC145600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC145600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["41776182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41776182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC145600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC145600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41776182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41776182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientific Programming"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study focuses on the coastal features, environments, and dynamics to accurately describe and regularly monitor the Qingdao shoreline in eastern China. It collects categorical ETM+ and OLI data from 2000, 2010, and 2019 on the mainland coastline and explores the characteristics and spatiotemporal differences across the past 19 years by using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies. The results show that the length of the Qingdao coastline has increased continuously over the last two decades, for a total increase of 18.14\u2009km. There are different natural and artificial coastlines that have undergone major changes. The human-induced deterioration of coastlines has gradually and substantially risen from 53.63% in 2000 to 68.40% in 2019, while the length of the natural coastlines has decreased dramatically. Jiaozhou Bay focuses on areas with significantly changing coastlines, and major changes have occurred in the west and east of the Qingdao coast. The coastline has largely expanded seaward because of the comprehensive impact of natural and anthropogenic factors. The leading factor in coastal evolution is coastal engineering constructions. In addition, the top three other construction activities are the restoration of the aquaculture pond, salt field, and harbor edifices. The driving force that triggered the shift in the coastline reveals significant temporal heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6632450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T23:20:07Z","timestamp":1617060007000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Spatiotemporal Change Detection Analysis of Coastline Data in Qingdao, East China"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8842-3224","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Yasir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum Qingdao, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum Qingdao, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8085-1547","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zheng","family":"Hongxia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum Qingdao, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Sakaouth","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Jixiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum Qingdao, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-011-0394-4"},{"key":"2","volume-title":"Resource Economics","author":"X. Huang","year":"2010"},{"key":"3","first-page":"1143","article-title":"Environmental-ecological effect of development and utilization of China\u2019s coastline and policy recommendations","volume":"31","author":"X. Hou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bulletin China Academy Science"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ancene.2019.100191"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2005.10.003"},{"key":"6","first-page":"280","article-title":"Monitoring shoreline change using Remote sensing and GIS: a case study of padang coastal area, Indonesia","author":"Z. Umar"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1664"},{"key":"8","first-page":"25","article-title":"Continental shoreline change in Zhejiang during the last one hundred years","volume":"34","author":"T. Liao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Science"},{"key":"9","first-page":"83","article-title":"Spatiotemporal changes of the Chinese coastlines: landsat imagery from 1975 to 2015","volume":"55","author":"B. Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science)"},{"key":"10","first-page":"206","article-title":"Driving forces and spatio-temporal variation of Weihai coastline in recent 30 years","volume":"38","author":"X. Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Oceanography"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su10020477"},{"key":"12","first-page":"1571","article-title":"Integration of GPS, remote sensing, and GIS techniques for coastal resource management","volume":"58","author":"R. Welch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169308904356","article-title":"Quantitative use of passive optical remote sensing over coastal and inland water bodies","volume":"14","author":"H. Stokkom","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Remote Sensing"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2012.09.005"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/pomr-2017-0082"},{"key":"16","first-page":"147","article-title":"Use of satellite data in coastal mapping","volume":"23","author":"S. R. Nayak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian Cartographer"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-009-9467-5"},{"key":"18","first-page":"1006","article-title":"Annual processes of land reclamation from the sea along the northwest coast of bohai bay during 1974 to 2010","volume":"32","author":"G. Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Geographical Sciences"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03325962"},{"key":"20","first-page":"111","article-title":"Shoreline mapping techniques","volume":"16","author":"L. J. Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Coastal Research"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2019.03.023"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11852-018-0613-1"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10111705"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0143116031000139890"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2018.10.049"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2010.02.005"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-019-8336-7"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-019-7535-8"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2019.01.007"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jstars.2017.2755444"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01490419.2011.637851"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3839(78)90003-0"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-009-1057-8"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2011.05.006"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-012-0216-3"},{"key":"36","article-title":"Multidecadal atoll coastline change on manihi and manuae, French polynesia","volume":"29","author":"M. L. Yates","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Coastal Research"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-009-0906-9"},{"key":"38","article-title":"Using vessel-based LIDAR to quantify coastal erosion during El Ni\u223cno and inter-El Ni\u223cno periods in Monterey Bay, California","volume":"29","author":"S. Quan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Coastal Research"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00367-004-0194-x"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2112\/SI63-004.1","article-title":"Geologic controls on regional and local erosion rates of three northern Gulf of Mexico Barrier-Island systems","volume":"63","author":"D. C. Twichell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Coastal Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"41","first-page":"662","article-title":"Coastline detection and tracing in SAR images","volume":"28","author":"J. S. Lee","year":"1990","journal-title":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Geoscience & Remote"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0034-4257(02)00059-7"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lgrs.2006.888843"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/014904102753516714"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160802029685"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2112\/03-0071.1"},{"issue":"2","key":"47","first-page":"185","article-title":"Means of withdrawing coastline by remote sensing","volume":"26","author":"X. F. Ma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Marine Environmental Research"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-014-1070-x"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160902926673"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3027881"},{"issue":"4","key":"51","first-page":"575","article-title":"An overview of means of withdrawing coastline by remote sensing","volume":"22","author":"X. Ma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sensing Technology and Application"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app9204466"},{"key":"53","volume-title":"ENVI Remote Sensing Image Processing Method","author":"S. Deng","year":"2014"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169608948714"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsmc.1979.4310076"},{"key":"56","article-title":"Object-oriented coastline classification and extraction from remote sensing imagery","author":"X. Ge"},{"key":"57","first-page":"2033","article-title":"Variation of coastline resources utilization in China from 1990 to 2013","volume":"30","author":"B. Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Resources"},{"key":"58","first-page":"41","article-title":"Study of remote sensing interpretation keys and extraction technique of different types of shoreline","volume":"3","author":"W. Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bulletin Survey Mapping"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-016-5317-5"},{"key":"60","volume-title":"Research on Spatial and Temporal Variation of China Mainland Coastline and Coastal Engineering","author":"N. Xu","year":"2016"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9100572"},{"key":"62","volume-title":"Principles of Geomorphology","author":"W. D. Thornbury","year":"1969"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30897\/ijegeo.304479"},{"key":"64","article-title":"Simulation of shoreline change behind a submerged permeable breakwater","author":"C. Wen-Hung"},{"key":"65","unstructured":"KingD. B.The dynamics of inlets and bays1974Gainesville, FL, USACoastal and Oceanographic Engineering Laboratory, University of FloridaTechnical Report No. 2"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2112\/si99-041.1"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsma.2019.100715"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-019-1703-1"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13157-014-0610-6"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6109930"}],"container-title":["Scientific Programming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2021\/6632450.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2021\/6632450.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2021\/6632450.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T23:20:45Z","timestamp":1617060045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2021\/6632450\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Habib Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["6632450","6632450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6632450","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-919X","1058-9244"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-919X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1058-9244","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]}}}