{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T02:57:01Z","timestamp":1775703421015,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":178,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YQDC09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YQDC09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004000","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Program key projects","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201904010254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201904010254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A1515011483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515011483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018A030310538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A030310538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51404272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51404272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51574242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51574242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In modern life, metro and high\u2010speed rails have become indispensable transportation and have been playing an important role in many areas, especially in cities. The metro and high\u2010speed rails have varying degrees of impact on the surface and surrounding buildings, which must be carefully understood to minimize the risk of hazards. This work is aimed at investigating the deformation of ground surface and the surrounding structures, caused by the excavation of underground tunnels. Because of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the land subsidence induced by underground tunnel construction, the measurements obtained from InSAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) and leveling techniques are integrated to study the subsidence phenomenon of the ground surface above the shield tunnels and the surrounding buildings. The subsidence\u2010related parameters, including the advance angles, lag angles, and boundary angles, are derived from the deformation results. This study suggests that leveling and InSAR observations can provide technical support to study the subsidence of dense buildings on the surface of shield tunnel excavation and to protect the surrounding environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6640077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T18:50:16Z","timestamp":1624906216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Integration of Multiband InSAR and Leveling Measurements for Analyzing the Surface Subsidence of Shield Tunneling at Beijing\u2010Zhangzhou High\u2010Speed Railway"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9816-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yueguan","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huayang","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8277-5509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex Hay-Man","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Metro shield tunnel construction monitoring technology","volume":"5","author":"Bao Y.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Railway Architecture"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2005.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:4(445)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","first-page":"166","article-title":"Prediction of surface subsidence in shield tunnel excavation by improved GAP method","author":"Tao L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Liaoning Technical University"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Analysis and regularity of ground subsidence caused by shield tunneling in metro tunnels","volume":"22","author":"Li W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Vibroengineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40098-018-0309-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060813"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/36.898661"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Study on land subsidence monitoring of Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway based on PS-InSAR","volume":"36","author":"Zhang Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surveying and Mapping and Spatial Geographic Information"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)as.1943-5525.0000574"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","first-page":"2424","article-title":"Land subsidence monitoring and result analysis of Beijing section of Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway","author":"Liu H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Geo-Information Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","first-page":"137","article-title":"Land subsidence monitoring of Beijinssg section of Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway based on time series InSAR","author":"Zhou Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Geo-Information Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Application of InSAR technology in subsidence monitoring of shield tunnel section of Tianjin Metro Line 6","author":"Tang Y.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban Survey"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","unstructured":"ChenY. 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Surface subsidence law of shallow-buried and subsurface excavation method in section of Beijing Metro Line 6 National Academic Conference on Mining under buildings railways and waterbodies 2012 Chengdu Sichuan China."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2015.2496193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JF005473"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2020.103745"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/se-12-15-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10064-020-01919-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12244130"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5946148"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","volume-title":"Code for Engineering Surveying (GB50026-2007)","author":"China Ministry of Construction","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-011-0525-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/36.142934"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","unstructured":"FerrettiA. 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