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The modification of lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is another biological function of histone in addition to modification of lysine acetylation (Kac), which may play a specific regulatory role in diseases. Objectives. This study compared the expression levels of Kcr and proteome between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined with type II respiratory failure (RF) to study the relationship between Kcr, proteome, and COPD. Methods. We tested the Kcr and proteome of COPD combined with type II RF and normal control (NC) using croton acylation enrichment technology and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) with high resolution. Results. We found that 32 sites of 23 proteins were upregulated and 914 sites of 295 proteins were downregulated. We performed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein domain, and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis on crotonylated protein. In proteomics research, we found that 190 proteins were upregulated and 151 proteins were downregulated. Among them, 90 proteins were both modified by differentially expressed crotonylation sites and differentially expressed in COPD combined with type II RF and NC. Conclusion. Differentially expressed crotonylation sites may be involved in the development of COPD combined with type II RF. 90 proteins modified by crotonylation and differentially expressed in COPD combined with type II RF can be used as markers for the study of the molecular pathogenesis of COPD combined with type II RF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6652297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T19:20:05Z","timestamp":1623871205000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Differential Expression Study of Lysine Crotonylation and Proteome for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Type II Respiratory Failure"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory of Guilin No. 924 Hospital, Guilin 541002, Guangxi, 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