{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:53:00Z","timestamp":1783529580489,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a major artery supplying blood to the brain and a common site of surgically treatable intracranial aneurysms. The MCA has anatomic variations that may have clinical significance. In order to investigate and document the extent of such variations, the MCA in 100 fresh brain hemispheres from 50 deceased patients, obtained from the Police Surgeon Office, Yangon General Hospital, Myanmar, was dissected and examined. Double MCA was observed in 2% of specimens. The termination patterns were bifurcation (72%), trifurcation (16%), and primary trunk (12%); early bifurcation was also observed (3%). The mean length of the main trunk (MT) was 20.6\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2\u2009mm. The number of perforators ranged from 4 to 15 (mean\u2009=\u20099); most arose from the MT (96%), and the others originated at the bifurcation point (3%) and in postbifurcation divisions (1%). All of the perforators (100%) had a single branching pattern. The number of cortical branches ranged from 6 to 13 and included the orbitofrontal (98%), prefrontal (99%), precentral (95%), central (98%), temporopolar (87%), anterior temporal (89%), middle temporal (24%), posterior temporal (62%), temporo-occipital (69%), anterior parietal (88%), angular (83%), and posterior parietal (57%) arteries. Early cortical branches emerged from the MT in 52% of specimens. These data can help anatomists, radiologists, and neurosurgeons in preoperative assessment, surgical planning, and selection of surgical approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6652676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T17:05:25Z","timestamp":1615395925000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Variable Anatomy of the Middle Cerebral Artery from Its Origin to the Edge of the Sylvian Fissure: A Direct Fresh Brain Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0467-3267","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eve M.","family":"Oo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine Taunggyi, Taunggyi 06017, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9054-0443","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khin E. E.","family":"Saw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine Taunggyi, Taunggyi 06017, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hnin N.","family":"Oo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine Taunggyi, Taunggyi 06017, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thida","family":"Than","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine Magway, Magway 04011, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khin","family":"Thida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine 1, Yangon 11131, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.980050602"},{"issue":"2","key":"2","first-page":"175","article-title":"High frequency of the median artery of the forearm in South African newborns and infants","volume":"86","author":"B. J. George","year":"1996","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"3","first-page":"43","article-title":"Significance of anatomical variations for clinical practice","volume":"10","author":"G. Georgiev","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Anatomical Variations"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2012.12.026"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000160756.72109.95"},{"key":"6","volume-title":"Vasculature of the Brain and Cranial Base: Variations in Clinical Anatomy","author":"W. Grand","year":"1999"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.31.1.128"},{"issue":"3","key":"8","first-page":"456","article-title":"Assessment of the collateral function of the circle of Willis: three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography compared with transcranial color-coded duplex sonography","volume":"24","author":"A. W. Hoksbergen","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.96.4.0697"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2009.12.004"},{"issue":"6","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21147","article-title":"Branching pattern of middle cerebral artery in an African population","volume":"24","author":"J. A. Ogeng\u2019o","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Anatomy"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.6.1277"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.294085730"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.32.8.1517"},{"key":"15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cerebrovascular development and evolution","volume-title":"Neurovascular Imaging: From Basics to Advanced Concepts","author":"M. Shapiro","year":"2014"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2019-015782"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12165"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2004.08.033"},{"issue":"3","key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2017.0112","article-title":"Middle cerebral artery anatomical variations and aneurysms: a retrospective study based on computed tomography angiography findings","volume":"77","author":"P. Brzegowy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Folia Morphologica"},{"issue":"2","key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.144289","article-title":"Study of middle cerebral artery in human cadaveric brain","volume":"22","author":"S. A. Gunnal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v79i4.8883"},{"issue":"1","key":"22","first-page":"3","article-title":"Variation in the flow and branching of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries","volume":"57","author":"A. Kulenovi\u0107","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medicinski Arhiv"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.16406"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-008-0360-3"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7461\/jcen.2013.15.3.164"},{"issue":"2","key":"26","first-page":"306","article-title":"Evaluation of the lenticulostriate arteries with rotational angiography and 3D reconstruction","volume":"26","author":"H. S. Kang","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2011.00045"},{"issue":"2","key":"28","first-page":"57","article-title":"Aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery proximal segment (M1). Anatomical and therapeutic considerations \u00b7 Revision of a series. Analysis of a series of the pre bifurcation segment aneurysms","volume":"5","author":"M.-S. Paulo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.890265","article-title":"Intracranial arterial variations: a comprehensive evaluation using CT angiography","volume":"20","author":"J. D. Kova\u010d","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor"}],"container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tswj\/2021\/6652676.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tswj\/2021\/6652676.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tswj\/2021\/6652676.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T21:25:28Z","timestamp":1698009928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/tswj\/2021\/6652676\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Omer","family":"Toprak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["6652676","6652676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6652676","relation":{},"ISSN":["1537-744X","2356-6140"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1537-744X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2356-6140","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]}}}