{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:45:01Z","timestamp":1747190701106,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618617600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Pain, anxiety, and distress are common in radiological investigations including hysterosalpingogram (HSG). Studies suggest that sedation allows patients to better tolerate diagnostic imaging and image-guided procedures by relieving anxiety, discomfort, and pain. This study aimed at assessing the safety and effectiveness of ketamine use in HSG and the proportion of true positive bilateral tubal blockage during HSG using the Jimah Procedure. Methods. We performed repeated HSG workup under IV ketamine (20\u201340\u2009mg\/mL) sedation for 27 infertile women at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. The exclusion criteria included unilateral tubular blockage, acute infection of the vagina or cervix, active vaginal bleeding, glaucoma, and high blood pressure at the time of the study. Data were entered with Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results. A total of 27 patients (age range: 25\u201348 years) previously diagnosed of bilateral tubal blockage or spasm were enrolled for the repeat HSG procedure. The median age was 34 years (IQR: 32\u201337), while secondary infertility (20) (74.1%) was the commonest indication. None of the patients reported of pain or distress during or after the procedure. Two (7.4%) women vomited after HSG. Twelve patients (44.4%) had bilateral tubal blockage (true positive), while tubal patency was seen in 15 (55.6%) patients on HSG under ketamine sedation. Conclusion. This study found IV ketamine sedation produces profound anesthesia and analgesia and eliminates tubal spasm. We recommend that radiologists in developing countries should consider sedating patients during HSG and documenting observations and patients\u2019 feedback to help assess safety and effectiveness in local settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6657137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T22:48:08Z","timestamp":1618872488000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ketamine Use in Hysterosalpingography (the Jimah Procedure): A Follow-Up of Bilateral Tubal Evaluation of 27 Infertile\u2009 Women\u2009 at a Teaching Hospital, Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6101-6546","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bashiru Babatunde","family":"Jimah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony Baffour","family":"Appiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin Dabo","family":"Sarkodie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Ghana, School of Medicine Sciences, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3003-0740","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dorothea","family":"Anim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"Sedation, Analgesia and Anaesthesia in the Radiology Department","author":"The Royal College of Radiologists","year":"2018","edition":"Second"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9790\/0853-1507107581"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22201181.2016.1226538"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6697653"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9408141"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10007-1054"},{"issue":"2","key":"7","article-title":"Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy in evaluating fallopian tubes in the management of infertility in cotonou, Benin republic","volume":"4","author":"M. Ogoudjobi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the West African College of Surgens"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/tjog.v20i1.14393"},{"volume-title":"Ketamine","year":"2021","author":"S. B. Rosenbaum","key":"9"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13226"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000920"},{"first-page":"1","article-title":"Ketamine: update review report agenda item 6.2","author":"World Health Organization","key":"12"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.07.017"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03011442"},{"key":"15","first-page":"10","article-title":"Ketamine: review of its pharmacology and its use in pediatric anesthesia ketamnine","volume":"46","author":"S. A. Bergman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesia Progress"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1743"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-018-0320-2"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2252011786"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-1919-2"},{"key":"20","first-page":"61","article-title":"Ketmine: a review of its pharmacologic use in ambulatory anesthesia properties and use in ambulatory anesthesia.","volume":"39","author":"D. A. 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