{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T05:42:31Z","timestamp":1769578951730,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]],"date-time":"2021-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623456000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. The 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 caused large outbreaks of COVID-19 worldwide. COVID-19 resembles community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Our aim was to identify lymphocyte subpopulations to distinguish between COVID-19 and CAP. Methods. We compared the peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subsets in 296 patients with COVID-19 and 130 patients with CAP. Parameters for independent prediction of COVID-19 were calculated by logistic regression. Results. The main lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+CD4+, CD16+CD56+, and CD4+\/CD8+ ratio) and cytokines (TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3) of COVID-19 patients were significantly different from that of CAP patients. CD16+CD56+%, CD4+\/CD8+ratio, CD19+, and CD3+CD4+ were identified as predictors of COVID-19 diagnosis by logistic regression. In addition, the CD3+CD4+counts, CD3+CD8+ counts, andTNF-\u03b1 are independent predictors of disease severity in patients. Conclusions. Lymphopenia is an important part of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and lymphocyte subsets and cytokines may be useful to predict the severity and clinical outcomes of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6657894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]],"date-time":"2021-06-12T14:05:05Z","timestamp":1623506705000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Analysis of Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Cytokines in COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia and Community-Acquired Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Guohong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianghu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojiao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6311-2945","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yunbao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1760-601X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haibo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19","author":"WHO","year":"2021"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa345"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-00822-x"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30176-6"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1091","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1091","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study","volume":"368","author":"T. 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