{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:55:05Z","timestamp":1773010505873,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71763010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71763010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71463023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71463023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71803038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71803038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004868","name":"Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>China declared a long\u2010term commitment at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 2020 to reduce CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> emissions. This announcement has been described by Reuters as \u201cthe most important climate change commitment in years.\u201d The allocation of China\u2019s provincial CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> emission quotas (hereafter referred to as quotas) is crucial for building a unified national carbon market, which is an important policy tool necessary to achieve carbon emissions reduction. In the present research, we used historical quota data of China\u2019s carbon emission trading policy pilot areas from 2014 to 2017 to identify alternative features of corporate CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> emissions and build a backpropagation neural network model (BP) to train the benchmark model. Later, we used the model to calculate the quotas for other regions, provided they implement the carbon emission trading policy. Finally, we added up the quotas to obtain the total national quota. Additionally, considering the perspective of carbon emission terminal, a new characteristic system of quota allocation was proposed in order to retrain BP including the following three aspects: enterprise production, household consumption, and regional environment. The results of the benchmark model and the new models were compared. This feature system not only builds a reasonable quota\u2010related indicator framework but also perfectly matches China\u2019s existing \u201cbottom\u2010up\u201d total control quota approach. Compared with the previous literature, the present report proposes a quota allocation feature system closer to China\u2019s policy and trains BP to obtain reasonable feature weights. The model is very important for the establishment of a unified national carbon emission trading market and the determination of regional quotas in China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6659302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T21:50:28Z","timestamp":1609969828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Use of BP Neural Networks to Determine China\u2019s Regional CO<sub>2<\/sub> Emission Quota"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1359-0508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yawei","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7382-9483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxiang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1999-7923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1482-2446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangping","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2507\/ijsimm17(1)410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30638\/eemj.2019.097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2019.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.110052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-019-00258-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008262407777"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3197\/096327195776679529"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","article-title":"Carbon emission permit allocation and trading","volume":"11","author":"Chen W. Y.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Sciences (IOS Press)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroecorev.2014.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reseneeco.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2012.05.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05230-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","first-page":"1895","article-title":"Allocation of carbon emissions right based on the intergenerational equity","volume":"36","author":"Wang H. H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"China Environmental Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2011.01.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/462705"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.03.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e22090973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40565-016-0194-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su10040982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","first-page":"100","article-title":"Allocation of carbon emission permits among provinces in China:based on environmental FCAM","volume":"36","author":"Song J. K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technology Economics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","first-page":"72","article-title":"Bi-level planning model of provincial carbon emission rights allocation from the perspective of equity and efficiency","volume":"32","author":"Yu Q. W.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soft Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","first-page":"86","article-title":"From \u201cspurring a willing horse\u201d to efficiency driven: a study of China\u2019s regional CO2 emission permit allocation","volume":"54","author":"Qian H. Q.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Economic Research Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Impacts of initial quota allocation on regional macro-economy and industry competitiveness","volume":"27","author":"Wu J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","first-page":"63","article-title":"Research on China\u2019s provincial carbon emission reduction allocation efficiency based on zero-sum DEA model","volume":"34","author":"Zeng S. H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Modernization of Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su9112122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Research on the allocation of China\u2019s provincial carbon emission rights based on energy efficiency","volume":"32","author":"Pan W.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soft Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su9020167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14693062.2016.1152948"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","first-page":"213","article-title":"Efficient allocation of CO2 emissions in selected OPEC member based on zero sum gains (ZSG-DEA) data envelopment analysis model","volume":"5","author":"Alishiri H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/78152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Decoupling effect and gravity center trajectory of regional economic growth and carbon emissions in China","volume":"38","author":"Qi Y. W.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Modern Finance & Economics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","volume-title":"General Guidance to the Allocation Methodology","author":"The European Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30638\/eemj.2020.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su10114225"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"Implementation of artificial intelligence system and traditional system: a comparative study","volume":"9","author":"Kim J. B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of System and Management Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/josaa.34.001511"}],"container-title":["Complexity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2021\/6659302.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2021\/6659302.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/6659302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T22:33:30Z","timestamp":1723242810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/6659302"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Abd E.I.-Baset","family":"Hassanien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/6659302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6659302","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-2787","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0526","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6659302"}}