{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:43:17Z","timestamp":1790347397854,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Food Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of whole citrus fruits in the food industry means that the valuable peel is used, but this may raise palatability or health concerns among consumers. The content of sugars, dietary fibre, redox compounds, lead, and cadmium was compared in citrus fruits (orange; pomelo; mandarin; lemon; key lime; and red, yellow, and green grapefruit). The pulp of all fruits contained significantly less fibre, tannins, and phenolic compounds than the peel. Whole citrus fruits had significantly lower content of sugars and higher content of dietary fibre and phenolic compounds, including ferulic acid, than their pulps. Whole grapefruits had higher concentrations of ascorbic acid. Whole lemons, limes, and mandarins had higher antioxidant potential than their pulp, due to their higher content of ascorbic acid, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Lead and cadmium content in whole fruits, while higher than in the pulps, was well below the acceptable daily intake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6662259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T16:20:09Z","timestamp":1615998009000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Bioactive Substances, Heavy Metals, and Antioxidant Activity in Whole Fruit, Peel, and Pulp of Citrus Fruits"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4142-2608","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Czech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0581-1852","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology, and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9719-9359","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Sosnowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology, and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6917-571X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Piotr","family":"Domaradzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-017-2544-5"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssas.2016.07.006"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.660"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-01727-1"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622311430006"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1082013210368556"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.03.090"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12473-1_26"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818188-1.00012-8"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805130-6.00001-X"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9709562"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2018.09.024"},{"issue":"2","key":"13","first-page":"171","article-title":"Health assessment of heavy metal pollution (cadmium, lead, arsenic) in citrus marketed in Tehran, Iran","volume":"6","author":"R. 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