{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T22:20:21Z","timestamp":1776896421860,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Adminitrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z161100000916012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z161100000916012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6214034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6214034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Freezing is a typical abiotic stress on plants, which can induce physiological damages of plants. A better understanding of plant freeze\u2010thaw characteristics contributes to solving some hot issues in plant physiology, such as cold resistance and cold acclimation. This article presents a novel sensor for in situ detection of freeze\u2010thaw characteristics in plants based on stem temperature and water content. The measuring circuit of stem temperature was designed based on constant current source and platinum resistance. The measuring circuit of stem water content was designed based on standing wave ratio and the dielectric properties of stem tissue. The temperature resolution of the compound sensor is less than 0.1\u00b0C. The MAE and RMSE of temperature measurement are approximately 0.57\u00b0C and 0.65\u00b0C, respectively. The volumetric water content resolution of the compound sensor is less than 0.05%. The MAE and RMSE of volumetric water content measurement are approximately 1.59% and 1.81%, respectively. Moreover, a mathematical model for describing the freeze\u2010thaw characteristics of plant stem was established and solved based on the compound sensor. Then, some freeze\u2010thaw indicators including stem water content, ice content, freezing depth, freezing velocity, thawing depth, and thawing velocity were solved and used to interpret the freeze\u2010thaw rules of plant stem. It can be concluded that the freeze\u2010thaw velocity is closely related to the physicochemical properties of plant stem which also change dynamically in the freeze\u2010thaw cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6662769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T01:38:05Z","timestamp":1613525885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Novel Sensor for In Situ Detection of Freeze\u2010Thaw Characteristics in Plants from Stem Temperature and Water Content 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