{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:20:43Z","timestamp":1781742043460,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613088000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Patients with liver cirrhosis experience a large variety of metabolic disorders associated with more hepatic decompensation. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a significant complication in liver cirrhosis patients, presenting a wide spectrum of neuropsychological symptoms. A deficiency of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) in the general population is associated with a loss of cognitive function, dementia, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Aim of the Study. Our study aims to check the relationship between low serum 25-OHD and HE in patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis and assess its link with patient mortality. Patients and Methods. This study was observationally carried out on 100 patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A\u2014included 50 HCV-related cirrhotic patients with HE, and Group B\u2014included 50 HCV-related cirrhotic patients without HE. Assessment of disease severity using the end-stage liver disease (MELD) model and Child Turcotte Pugh (CTP) scores were done, and 25-OHD levels were measured. Comparison of vitamin D levels in different etiologies and different CTP categories was made using one-way ANOVA. Pearson\u2019s correlation between the level of vitamin D and other biomarkers was applied. Results. There was a statistically significant Vitamin D level difference between the two groups. A lower level of vitamin D was observed in the HE group where the severe deficiency was 16%, while it was 6% in the other group and the moderate deficiency was 24% in HE group as compared to 10% in the other group. The insufficient vitamin D level represented 46% of the non-HE group while none of the HE group falls in this category. Vitamin D level was statistically higher in Grade 1 HE than in Grade 2 which is higher than in Grades 3 to 4. Vitamin D level was also significantly higher in those who improved from HE as compared to those who died. Conclusion. The lower levels of 25-OHD were associated with the higher incidence of HE in cirrhotic HCV patients. The worsening vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased severity of the liver disease, so vitamin D may be considered a prognostic factor for the severity of liver cirrhosis and high mortality rate in HE patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6669527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T05:02:41Z","timestamp":1613278961000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Low Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D (25-OHD) and Hepatic Encephalopathy in HCV-Related Liver Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7550-5965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohamed Abd Ellatif","family":"Afifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Benha University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Mohamed","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Benha University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Rizk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Benha University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i34.7824"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26141"},{"key":"3","volume-title":"Key Facts on Hepatitis C Treatment","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"4","volume-title":"Hepatitis C fact sheet no. 164 [updated July 2015]","author":"WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510012064","article-title":"Pathophysiological basis of pharmacotherapy in the hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"40","author":"S. 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