{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T21:52:07Z","timestamp":1779227527793,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":132,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a group of wireless mobile nodes that create a temporary network without the help of any central administration or standard support services. Mobility of nodes determines the overall performance of MANET networks. High mobility of nodes causes frequent changes in the network topology, and this leads to link breakage and increases reinitiating of the route discovery process. MANETs commonly use broadcasting techniques for route discovery process. However, it can cause redundant rebroadcasts, packet collisions, and channel contention. The main objective of this paper is to design and develop the mobility\u2010aware routing algorithm (MARA) to enhance the performance of the routing protocol in MANETs. The proposed scheme allows mobile nodes to rebroadcast or discard received broadcasted messages. The decision is based on the combination of node speed, distance between nodes, and residual energy of nodes. These parameters are considered both in route request and route reply process to reduce the chance of link breakage and broadcast storm problems. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated based on the performance metrics: packet delivery ratio, average end\u2010to\u2010end delay, throughput, and routing overhead. We have used network simulator NS\u20102 V\u20102.35. The simulation results revealed that MARA outperforms ad hoc on\u2010demand distance vector (AODV), mobility and direction aware (MAD), and mobility and energy\u2010aware (MAE) routing protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6672297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T17:05:30Z","timestamp":1620925530000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Mobility\u2010Aware Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1627-1246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chalew Zeynu","family":"Sirmollo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8970-5768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mekuanint Agegnehu","family":"Bitew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","volume-title":"Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Principles, Protocols, and Applications","author":"Sarkar S. K.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","volume-title":"Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols","author":"Ram C. S.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118511305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5815\/ijitcs.2013.03.08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","unstructured":"SRP. C. D.andBelding-RoyerE. M. Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing Second IEEE Work. Mob. Comput. Syst. Appl. 2003 RFC Editor United States 1\u201337."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","first-page":"5321","article-title":"Role of link expiration time to make reliable link between the nodes in MANETs","volume":"11","author":"Singh G.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Engineering Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network","volume":"8","author":"Tseng Y.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceeding of ACM\/IEEE MobiCom"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WilliamsB.andCampT. Comparison of broadcasting techniques for mobile ad hoc network Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing - MobiHoc \u203202 2002 Lausanne Switzerland 194\u2013205 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/513800.513825.","DOI":"10.1145\/513824.513825"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SharmaV.andVijA. Broadcasting methods in mobile ad-hoc networks 2017 International Conference on Computing Communication and Automation (ICCCA) May 2017 Greater Noida India 582\u2013587 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CCAA.2017.8229868 2-s2.0-85046405752.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCAA.2017.8229868"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","first-page":"692","article-title":"A review on broadcasting strategy for mobile ad-hoc wireless network","volume":"7","author":"Sharma J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Computer Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BakhouyaM. Broadcasting approaches for mobile ad hoc networks 2013 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS) July 2013 Helsinki Finland 705\u2013707 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/HPCSim.2013.6641499 2-s2.0-84888031867.","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCSim.2013.6641499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1832026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2011.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KamalakkannanP. SalemT. andKumarR. S. Personalized RAODV algorithm for reduce link break in mobile ad hoc networks 2012 Fourth International Conference on Advanced Computing (ICoAC) December 2012 Chennai India 1\u20136 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICoAC.2012.6416818 2-s2.0-84874144765.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICoAC.2012.6416818"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14257\/ijfgcn.2015.8.6.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2017.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JabbarW. A. IsmailM. NordinR. andRamliR. M. EMA-MPR: energy and mobility-aware multi-point relay selection mechanism for multipath OLSRv2 2017 IEEE 13th Malaysia International Conference on Communications (MICC) November 2017 Johor Bahru Malaysia 1\u20136 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MICC.2017.8311721 2-s2.0-85050588559.","DOI":"10.1109\/MICC.2017.8311721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2882853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JabbarW. A. Mobility-based performance comparison of MBQA-OLSRv2 and MBMA-OLSRv2 routing protocols 2019 23rd International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC) October-November 2019 Phuket Thailand 281\u2013286 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSEC47112.2019.8974771.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSEC47112.2019.8974771"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","unstructured":"VuT. K.andKwonS. On-demand routing algorithm with mobility prediction in the mobile ad-hoc networks 2016 Sch. Electr. Eng. Univ. Ulsan."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","volume-title":"Routing protocols in wireless ad-hoc networks - a simulation study","author":"Larson T.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2018.2839593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","volume-title":"The ns Manual (formerly ns Notes and Documentation)","author":"Fall K.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"Mobility models for MANETs : mathematical perspective","volume":"2","author":"Sharma A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HongX. GerlaM. PeiG. andChiangC. C. A group mobility model for ad hoc wireless networks Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems - MSWiM \u203299 1999 53\u201360 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/313237.313248 2-s2.0-85017404375.","DOI":"10.1145\/313237.313248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","first-page":"277","volume-title":"Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development (AI2SD\u20192019). AI2SD 2019. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 92","author":"Khan M.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","first-page":"3885","article-title":"A comparative analysis of proactive , reactive and hybrid routing protocols over open source network simulator in mobile ad hoc network","volume":"11","author":"Bhatia D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Engineering Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","first-page":"189","article-title":"Performance evaluation of AODV and DSR routing protocols under constrained situation","volume":"4","author":"Adlakha A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RashidU. WaqarO. andKianiA. K. Mobility and energy aware routing algorithm for mobile ad-hoc networks 2017 International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE) March 2017 Lahore Pakistan 1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICEE.2017.7893434 2-s2.0-85018424078.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEE.2017.7893434"}],"container-title":["Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2021\/6672297.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/wcmc\/2021\/6672297.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/6672297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T09:51:26Z","timestamp":1723024286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/6672297"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ihsan","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/6672297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6672297","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-8669","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8677","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6672297"}}