{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:38:39Z","timestamp":1765546719573,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["266343 61673079","61703068","cstc2018jcyjAX0160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["266343 61673079","61703068","cstc2018jcyjAX0160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["266343 61673079","61703068","cstc2018jcyjAX0160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["266343 61673079","61703068","cstc2018jcyjAX0160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Security and Communication Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a wireless sensor network (WSN), node localization is a key requirement for many applications. The concept of mobile anchor-based localization is not a new concept; however, the localization of mobile anchor nodes gains much attention with the advancement in the Internet of Things (IoT) and electronic industry. In this paper, we present a range-free localization algorithm for sensors in a three-dimensional (3D) wireless sensor networks based on flying anchors. The nature of the algorithm is also suitable for vehicle localization as we are using the setup much similar to vehicle-to-infrastructure- (V2I-) based positioning algorithm. A multilayer C-shaped trajectory is chosen for the random walk of mobile anchor nodes equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) and broadcasts its location information over the sensing space. The mobile anchor nodes keep transmitting the beacon along with their position information to unknown nodes and select three further anchor nodes to form a triangle. The distance is then computed by the link quality induction against each anchor node that uses the centroid-based formula to compute the localization error. The simulation shows that the average localization error of our proposed system is 1.4\u2009m with a standard deviation of 1.21\u2009m. The geometrical computation of localization eliminated the use of extra hardware that avoids any direct communication between the sensors and is applicable for all types of network topologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6677896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T20:50:21Z","timestamp":1613076621000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["V2X-Based Mobile Localization in 3D Wireless Sensor Network"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9064-523X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iram","family":"Javed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunication, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianlun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunication, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2174-3383","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kamran","family":"Shaukat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammed Umer","family":"Sarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Talha Mahboob","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1252-260X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ibrahim A.","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ICT and Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2709-5508","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Asim","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.3390\/s17071697","article-title":"Parametric loop division for 3d localization in wireless sensor networks","volume":"17","author":"T. 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