{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:50:37Z","timestamp":1787017837422,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biomaterials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background. Amnion grafts can be preserved as freeze-dried amnion membrane (FD-AM) and amnion sponge. Preserved grafts require to be sterilized by gamma irradiation. However, each step of the process could affect its biological properties. Even so, there are only a few studies that report the influence of the preservation method and gamma irradiation on growth factor levels in preserved amniotic grafts. Methods. This was an in vitro experimental study with a pretest-posttest group design using a consecutive sampling technique in one batch of amnion donors at a particular time. The amnion was made into FD-AM and amnion sponge preparations, and they were sterilized with gamma irradiation (15\u2009kGy and 25\u2009kGy). Nonirradiated specimens served as controls, and 20\u2009mg of each specimen was pulverized to evaluate the growth factors levels using ELISA. Results. There were significant decreases in amnion sponge compared to the FD-AM, both in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-\u03b2) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels and in the preirradiated and 25\u2009kGy postirradiated preparations (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>\u2264<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn>\n                      <\/a:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). The growth factor levels in the preirradiated and postirradiated FD-AM (both 15\u2009kGy and 25\u2009kGy) showed significant differences (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>\u2264<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.05<\/c:mn>\n                      <\/c:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). Likewise, the preirradiated amnion sponge group\u2019s growth factor levels compared with the postirradiated amnion sponge group also showed a significant decrease (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>\u2264<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.05<\/e:mn>\n                      <\/e:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). Conclusion. TGF-\u03b2 and bFGF levels were lower in amnion sponge than FD-AM. The FD-AM and amnion sponge preparations\u2019 growth factors levels were reduced following gamma irradiation sterilization. Although the decrease in growth factor levels is significant, the number of growth factor levels is still sufficient for tissue healing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6685225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T17:35:21Z","timestamp":1617903321000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Influence of the Preservation Method and Gamma Irradiation Sterilization on TGF-\u03b2 and bFGF Levels in Freeze-Dried Amnion Membrane (FD-AM) and Amnion Sponge"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9384-897X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heri","family":"Suroto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga\/Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deny M.","family":"Aryawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga\/Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla A.","family":"Prakoeswa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1","first-page":"819","article-title":"Cytotoxicity test of sponge amnion on BHK-21 fibroblast cell","volume":"11","author":"E. 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Skopi\u0144ski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Central-European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"29","volume-title":"Pengaruh Sterilisasi Radiation Gamma Terhadap Kandungan Growth Factor Pada Sediaan Serbuk Membran Amnion [Effects of Gamma Radiation Sterilization on Growth Factor Level in Amniotic Membrane Powder Preparations]","author":"E. 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