{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:21:18Z","timestamp":1753885278157,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":141,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11775034","11971074","11905042","61976025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11775034","11971074","11905042","61976025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019XD-A11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019XD-A11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic spread catastrophically over the world since the spring of 2020. In this paper, a heterogeneous branching process with immigration is established to quantify the human\u2010to\u2010human transmission of COVID\u201019 in local communities, based on the temporal and structural transmission patterns extracted from public case disclosures by four provincial Health Commissions in China. With proper parameter settings, our branching model matches the actual transmission chains satisfactorily and, therefore, sheds light on the underlying COVID\u201019 spreading mechanism. Moreover, based on our branching model, the efficacy of home quarantine and social distancing are explored, providing a reference for the effective prevention of COVID\u201019 worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6686547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T17:20:09Z","timestamp":1621704009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Heterogeneous Branching Process with Immigration Modeling for COVID\u201019 Spreading in Local Communities in China"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0692-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Haochen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhongyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8342-4623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao Fan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0140-8003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30185-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30154-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.01.23.916395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","unstructured":"ChenD.andZhouT. 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