{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T08:49:12Z","timestamp":1765961352319,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Contrast Media &amp; Molecular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction &amp; Objectives. Contrast media (CM) causes renal injury through both direct cellular injury (cytotoxicity) and regional vascular changes (renal hypoxia) mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Zinc may be able to provide protection against CM-induced cytotoxicity due to its indirect antioxidant properties and subsequent effect on ROS. We aimed to determine the protective role of zinc preconditioning against contrast-induced renal injury in vitro. Methods. Normal human proximal renal kidney cells (HK-2) were preconditioned with either increasing doses of ZnCl2 or control. Following this preconditioning, cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of Iohexol 300\u2009mg I2\/ml for four hours. Key outcome measures included cell survival (MTT colorimetric assay) and ROS generation (H2DCFDA fluorescence assay). Results. Contrast media induced a dose-dependent reduction in survival of HK-2 cells. Compared to control, contrast media at 150, 225, and 300\u2009mg I2\/ml resulted in 69.5% (SD 8.8%), 37.3% (SD 4.8%), and 4.8% (SD 6.6%) cell survival, respectively (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.001<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Preconditioning with 37.5\u2009\u03bcM and 50\u2009\u03bcM ZnCl2 increased cell survival by 173% (SD 27.8%) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.001<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and 219% (SD 32.2%) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.001<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), respectively, compared to control preconditioning. Zinc preconditioning resulted in a reduction of ROS generation. Zinc pre-conditioning with 37.5\u2009\u03bcM\u2009\u03bcM ZnCl2 reduced ROS generation by 46% (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.001<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) compared to control pre-conditioning. Conclusions. Zinc preconditioning reduces oxidative stress following exposure to radiographic contrast media which in turn results in increased survival of renal cells. Translation of this in vitro finding in animal models will lay the foundation for future use of zinc preconditioning against contrast induced nephropathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6686803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T04:13:17Z","timestamp":1613621597000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Zinc Preconditioning Provides Cytoprotection following Iodinated Contrast Media Exposure in In Vitro Models"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1138-6389","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marlon","family":"Perera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7177-3631","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph","family":"Ischia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5145-6783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Damien","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Shulkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0944-8747","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Graham S.","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5628-7205","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oneel","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.440"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.427"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2010.116"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.01.020"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02600607"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00377.x"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phy2.163"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.429"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-013-0774-z"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319715575965"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10521"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/203458"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574413503560"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116583"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.6"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1387-2656(05)11004-7"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1993.1311"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2016.06.008"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20100208"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq352"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1997.272.5.h2095"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9444-1","volume-title":"Biochemistry of Zinc","author":"A. 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B.","family":"de Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["6686803","6686803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6686803","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-4317","1555-4309"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1555-4317"},{"type":"print","value":"1555-4309"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]}}}