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There has been many color descriptors proposed in literature, but the performance of different color descriptors in different scenes under illumination variation and the influence of the surface characteristics have not been investigated. In this paper, we first systematically introduced the theoretical basis of color descriptors, categorized the existing color descriptors according to the theoretical basis, and then compared the performance of different color descriptors utilized for image recognition and image retrieval tasks on both the indoor and outdoor image datasets. We adopted the recognition rate and normalized average rank as the evaluation criteria to measure the performance of color descriptors. Experiment results show that the color moment invariants (CMI) provide the optimal balance between the performance and dimensions in most tests, and color descriptors derived from physical reflectance models are more suitable for object recognition and image retrieval. We also concluded the best color descriptors for each kind of scene and surface characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6687087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T21:35:41Z","timestamp":1630964141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Performance Evaluation of Color Descriptors under Illumination 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