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The objectives of this study were to assess behavioral patterns in rats with CP\/CPPS and to determine whether these patterns depend on alterations in the brain oxidative stress, corticosterone, and hippocampal parvalbumin\u2010positive (PV+) interneurons. Adult male <jats:italic>Wistar albino<\/jats:italic> rats from CP\/CPPS (intraprostatic injection of 3% <jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic>\u2010carrageenan, day 0) and sham (0.9% NaCl) groups were subjected to pain and anxiety\u2010like behavior tests (days 2, 3, and 7). Afterwards, rats were sacrificed and biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Scrotal allodynia and prostatitis were proven in CP\/CPPS, but not in sham rats. Ethological tests (open field, elevated plus maze, and light\/dark tests) revealed significantly increased anxiety\u2010like behavior in rats with CP\/CPPS comparing to their sham\u2010operated mates starting from day 3, and there were significant intercorrelations among parameters of these tests. Increased oxidative stress in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebral cortex, as well as increased serum corticosterone levels and decreased number of hippocampal PV+ neurons, was shown in CP\/CPPS rats, compared to sham rats. Increased anxiety\u2010like behavior in CP\/CPPS rats was significantly correlated with these brain biochemical and hippocampal immunohistochemical alterations. Therefore, the potential mechanisms of observed behavioral alterations in CP\/CPPS rats could be the result of an interplay between increased brain oxidative stress, elevated serum corticosterone level, and loss of hippocampal PV+ interneurons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6687493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T05:05:21Z","timestamp":1614747921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Experimental Chronic Prostatitis\/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Increases Anxiety\u2010Like Behavior: The Role of Brain Oxidative Stress, Serum Corticosterone, and Hippocampal Parvalbumin\u2010Positive Interneurons"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9499-3247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"\u0160utulovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0812-2438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u017deljko","family":"Gruba\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3743-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja","family":"\u0160uvakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1664-6557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djurdja","family":"Jeroti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5921-974X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nela","family":"Pu\u0161ka\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6731-8596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djuro","family":"Macut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1131-2328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Ra\u0161i\u0107-Markovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8683-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatjana","family":"Simi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5317-3827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivera","family":"Stanojlovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0806-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragan","family":"Hrn\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-003-0327-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9472925"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","first-page":"514","article-title":"A preliminary evaluation of the psychometric profiles in Chinese men with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"124","author":"Zhang G. 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