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This paper reviews the development process and the latest progress of social network theory research and analyzes the research application of social network. In order to reveal the deep social structure, this paper analyzes the structure of social networks from three levels: microlevel, mesolevel, and macrolevel and reveals the origin, development, perfection, and latest achievements of complex network models. The regular graph model, P1 model, P2 model, exponential random graph model, small\u2010world network model, and scale\u2010free network model are introduced. In the end, the research on the social network structure is reviewed, and social support network and social discussion network are introduced, which are two important contents of social network research. At present, the research on social networks has been widely used in coauthor networks, citation networks, mobile social networks, enterprise knowledge management, and individual happiness, but there are few research studies on multilevel structure, dynamic research, complex network research, whole network research, and discussion network research. This provides space for future research on social networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6692210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T12:22:51Z","timestamp":1610108571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A Review of the Research Progress of Social Network Structure"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5012-0324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9666-6741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0977-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9918-3729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8476-5910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuqin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6985-845X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penglin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3303-1930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuairan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3526-6568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sai-Fu","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872675400700102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","volume-title":"Social Structures: A Network Approach","author":"Wellman B.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001628"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","volume-title":"Social Network Analysis: An Overview","author":"Tabassum S.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","volume-title":"Introduction to Social Network Analysis","author":"Liu J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Social security for vulnerable groups from the perspective of social network","author":"Liang Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Financial Teaching and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2012-000257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","article-title":"A review of social network theory and its research","author":"Zhang S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Think Tank Age"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/dcdsb.2014.19.1355"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","first-page":"133","article-title":"A review of the development and research progress of social network theory","volume":"17","author":"Li M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"China Management Informatization"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/225469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3368603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","first-page":"107","article-title":"On relational culture and relational social capital","author":"Bian Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Humanities"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LinN. 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