{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T06:41:32Z","timestamp":1764225692390,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":214,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004697","name":"Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9712147809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9712147809"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004697","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic> Hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are transient in most patients. However, in some patients with a history of heart disease, systemic hypertension, or cerebrovascular disease, these may lead to dangerous complications. This study is aimed at determining the effectiveness of intravenous nitroglycerin bolus doses in reducing hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. <jats:italic>Material and Method.<\/jats:italic> In this double\u2010blind randomized controlled trial, 78 patients aged 18 to 65 years were randomly divided into three groups: 1\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/kg dose of nitroglycerin (first group), 2\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/kg dose of nitroglycerin (second group), and normal saline or placebo (third group). 26 samples were allocated for each group. Patients\u2019 hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation were measured at different times. Data were analyzed using SPSS V 16. <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> Patients in the three study groups were similar in terms of age, sex, and weight. There was no significant difference between the mean saturation of peripheral oxygen (SPO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and the mean heart rate between the three groups before endotracheal intubation and 1 to 10 minutes after intubation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). The difference of mean arterial blood pressure between study groups was only significant in the first and fifth minutes after intubation. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the first, third, and fifth minutes after intubation was significantly lower in the intervention groups than the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the intervention groups. The frequency of systolic blood pressure decrease was significantly different in the first and fifth minutes after intubation in the three study groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). <jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic> Bolus doses of 1 and 2\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/kg nitroglycerin in noncardiac elective surgery prevents the increase of mean systolic, diastolic, and arterial blood pressure but has no significant effect on heart rate after intubation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6694150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T23:35:06Z","timestamp":1628033706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Effects of Intravenous Nitroglycerin Bolus Doses in Reducing Hemodynamic Responses to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3086-717X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pouran","family":"Hajian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shabnaz","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4482-6587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahshid","family":"Nikooseresht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4994-0936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Miller RD. Miller\u2019s Anesthesia","year":"2010","author":"Henderson J.","key":"e_1_2_10_1_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-4958.158931"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.175668"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000184040.85956.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4021\/jcs31e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","unstructured":"KumarS. MishraM. MishraL. andBathlaS. Comparative study of the efficacy of I.V. esmolol diltiazem and magnesium sulphate in attenuating haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 2003 47 no. 1."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","unstructured":"SinghT. M.andMJIJoCAS. Efficacy of intravenous nitroglycerine in attenuation of hemodynamics to laryngoscopy and intubation Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 2017 4 no. 1 128\u2013131."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","first-page":"215","article-title":"Pharmacology of nitroglycerin (author\u2032s transl)","volume":"36","author":"Chelly J.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anesthesie, analgesie, reanimation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Use of nitroglycerin in the treatment of congestive heart failure","volume":"30","author":"Cury\u0142o A. M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Folia medica Cracoviensia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2319-2003.ijbcp20172233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","first-page":"859","article-title":"The effect of intravenous nitroglycerine on blood pressure during intubation","volume":"19","author":"Firoozbakhsh F.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Middle East journal of anaesthesiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2014.68.339-344"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2021\/6694150.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2021\/6694150.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/6694150","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T16:15:25Z","timestamp":1735661725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/6694150"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jane","family":"Hanrahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/6694150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6694150","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2314-6133"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2314-6141"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6694150"}}