{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T11:09:29Z","timestamp":1786273769552,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":89,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To investigate the level of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients attending the University of Gondar Hospital (UGH) Diabetic Clinic, Northwest Ethiopia.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . An audit was carried out involving a total of 739 T2DM patients attending at the diabetic clinic of UGH. They represented approximately 90% and 50% of all T2DM patients under regular review at the urban and rural diabetic clinics of UGH, respectively. All were supervised by the same clinical team for a long period. Eye examinations were performed for visual acuity, cataract, and retinal changes (retinal photography and slit\u2010lamp biomicroscopy). Body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c levels were measured. The presence or absence of hypertension was recorded.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Men constituted 41.5% of the group, the mean age at diagnosis of T2DM was 50.4 years, and 50.2% were hypertensive. The BMI was 25.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and HbA1c was 7.75\u2009\u00b1\u20091.63% (61.2\u2009\u00b1\u200917.8\u2009mmol\/mol) (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD, for BMI and HbA1c)). Severe visual impairment\/blindness was reported in 10.6%, 15.2% had cataract, 16.0% had retinopathy, and 11.1% had maculopathy. The prevalence of retinopathy increased with time from diagnosis of T2DM (chi\u2010square for trend,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) and with increasing HbA1c level (chi\u2010square for trend,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.03).\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These results compare well with the most recent results in well\u2010equipped, wealthier regions of the world and show the importance of stable healthcare infrastructure for chronic\u2010disease management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6696548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T18:35:10Z","timestamp":1617215710000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending the Diabetic Clinic of the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2438-2165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asamere","family":"Tsegaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shitaye","family":"Alemu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abere","family":"Dessie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eldryd H. O.","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David I. W.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth R.","family":"Trimble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","volume-title":"Vision 2020 the Right to Sight: Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness: Action Plan 2006\u20132011","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03756.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","volume-title":"Consultation on Development of Standards for Characterization of Vision Loss and Visual Functioning","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(81)34978-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2015.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Retinopathy in patients of tikur anbessa hospital diabetic clinic","volume":"39","author":"Seyoum B.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ethiopian Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","first-page":"105","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Jimma university hospital, southwest Ethiopia","volume":"51","author":"Sharew G.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ethiopian Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1991.tb01585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00854.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","first-page":"536","article-title":"Diabetes in rural South Africa\u2014an assessment of care and complications","volume":"92","author":"Rotchford A. P.","year":"2002","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","first-page":"248","article-title":"Ophthalmoscopy versus non-mydriatic fundus photography in the detection of diabetic retinopathy in black patients","volume":"78","author":"Mollentze W. F.","year":"1990","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Effective and accurate screening for diabetic retinopathy using a 60 degree mydriatic fundus camera","volume":"95","author":"Carmichael T. R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.196071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1096-9136(199809)15:9<783::aid-dia634>3.0.co;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1096-9136(199604)13:4<337::aid-dia71>3.0.co;2-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000314876"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","first-page":"185","article-title":"Pattern of retinal diseases at a teaching eye department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"42","author":"Teshome T.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ethiopian Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcn096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","first-page":"1284","article-title":"Screening for diabetic retinopathy in primary care with a mobile fundal camera\u2014evaluation of a South African pilot project","volume":"97","author":"Mash B.","year":"2007","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","first-page":"S110","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of diabetic retinopathy and cataracts in West African type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"13","author":"Rotimi C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ethnicity and Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2011.26.8.1068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2013.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1096-9136(1998120)15:12<1045::aid-dia696>3.0.co;2-l"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-14-33"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","volume-title":"Endotext (Internet)","author":"Lam D. W.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-014-9976-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006754"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.37.4.1053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-6-31"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.412"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-306727"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","first-page":"20","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy in Northland, New Zealand: 2011\u20132012","volume":"126","author":"Papali\u2019i-Curtin A. T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Zealand Medical Journal"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/6696548","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/2021\/6696548","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/6696548","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:48:51Z","timestamp":1783651731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/6696548"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dirk","family":"Sandner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/6696548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6696548","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-004X","2090-0058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-004X","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-0058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6696548"}}