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Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease. We found microRNA-34a (miR-34a), as the downstream gene of p53, was overexpressed in some of fibrogenic diseases. In this study, we sought to explore whether miR-34a plays a role in the fibrosis of PBC. Methods. The peripheral blood of PBC patients and controls was collected to analyze the level of miR-34a. Human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBEC) were cultured. The expression of miR-34a was regulated by miR-34a mimics and inhibitor. The biomarkers of epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibrogenesis, inflammation, and transforming growth factor- (TGF-) \u03b21\/smad pathway were analyzed. Results. We found that miR-34a was overexpressed in the peripheral blood in PBC patients. In vitro, overexpressed miR-34a increased the EMT and fibrogenesis activity of HIBEC. Transforming growth factor-beta type 1 receptor (T\u03b2R1), TGF-\u03b21, and p-smad2\/3 were upregulated by miR-34a. Inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and IL-17 were also upregulated. Finally, we showed that miR-34a promoted EMT and liver fibrosis in PBC by targeting the TGF-\u03b21\/smad pathway antagonist transforming growth factor-beta-induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2). Conclusions. Our findings show that miR-34a plays an important role in the EMT and fibrosis of PBC through the TGF-\u03b21\/smad pathway by targeting TGIF2. This study suggests that miR-34a may be a new marker of fibrogenesis in PBC. Inhibition of miR-34a may be a promising strategy in treating PBC and improving the prognosis of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6890423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T18:37:24Z","timestamp":1619203044000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["MicroRNA-34a Promotes EMT and Liver Fibrosis in Primary Biliary Cholangitis by Regulating TGF-\u03b21\/smad Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8606-9815","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ying","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, 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