{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T08:01:54Z","timestamp":1767168114457,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636761600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Objective. It has been reported that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in multiepisode patients with schizophrenia is 35.3%, which is 2- to 4-fold higher than in the general population. The study is designed to compare the glycolipid metabolism in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) with sex- and age-matched healthy controls to investigate changes in serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and their relationships with the glycolipid metabolism in patients with FES. Methods. His case-control study included 88 patients diagnosed with FES and 88 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Patient psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17). Patients with FES were classified into MS and non-MS groups. Results. There were significant differences in the education level, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference between the patients with FES and healthy controls (all\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&gt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn>\n                      <\/a:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). The patients with FES had higher levels of FPG and blood glucose at the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (2\u2009h glucose) concomitant with higher proportion of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) than healthy controls (all\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>p<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.001<\/c:mn>\n                      <\/c:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). It was revealed that the patients with FES showed higher serum levels of Hcy, MIF, and hs-CRP than healthy controls (all\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>p<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.001<\/e:mn>\n                      <\/e:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). The serum level of Hcy shared positive correlations with the score of PANSS totals (r\u2009=\u20090.551) and the negative syndrome of the PANSS scale (r\u2009=\u20090.494). The serum levels of MIF and hs-CRP was only positively correlated with the negative syndrome of the PANSS scale (r\u2009=\u20090.320 and r\u2009=\u20090.446). The level of Hcy shared positive correlations with the levels of FPG, 2\u2009h glucose, and HOMA2-IR; the level of MIF was only positively correlated with the level of HOMA2-IR; the level of hs-CRP had a positive correlation with both levels of FPG and 2\u2009h glucose (all\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.001<\/g:mn>\n                      <\/g:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). The levels of Hcy, MIF, and hs-CRP all shared positive correlations with the TG level and negative correlations with the HDL-C level (all\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>p<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>&lt;<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.001<\/i:mn>\n                      <\/i:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). There were remarkable differences between the MS and non-MS groups with regard to BMI, waist circumference, negative subscale of the PANSS scale, FPG, TG, and HDL-C (all\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>p<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>&lt;<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.05<\/k:mn>\n                      <\/k:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). Elevated levels of Hcy, MIF, and hs-CRP were detected in the MS group compared to the non-MS group (all\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mi>p<\/m:mi>\n                        <m:mo>&lt;<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>0.05<\/m:mn>\n                      <\/m:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ). Conclusion. These findings suggest that increased concentrations of HCY, MIF, and hs-CRP may contribute to the abnormal glycolipid metabolism in the context of schizophrenia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7394699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T13:50:09Z","timestamp":1636811409000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Serum Levels of HCY, MIF, and hs-CRP Correlate with Glycolipid Metabolism in Adults with Never-Medicated First-Episode Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Jiangxi Province Honorary Military Rehabilitation Hospital (Jiangxi Kangning Hospital), Yuhushan Avenue, Xinjian District, Nanchang 330103, Jiangxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Jiangxi Province Honorary Military Rehabilitation Hospital (Jiangxi Kangning Hospital), Yuhushan Avenue, Xinjian District, Nanchang 330103, Jiangxi Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2372-3629","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fei","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People\u2019s Hospital of Huai\u2019an, No. 62, Huaihai South Road, Huai\u2019an City 223001, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmc1915943"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743718773728"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra1808803"},{"issue":"2","key":"4","first-page":"92","article-title":"Biological treatment of acute agitation or aggression with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in the inpatient setting","volume":"29","author":"C. U. Correll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx057"},{"issue":"10159","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"G. B. D. Disease","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu006"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153657"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00690"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00137"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20252"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v67n0408"},{"key":"13","first-page":"51","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the presence of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"A. Sicras-Mainar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244x-14-197"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.566091"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.04.082"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.04.018"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00280883"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1848-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"21","first-page":"56","article-title":"Exercise as a treatment for schizophrenia: a review","volume":"49","author":"S. J. Girdler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"issue":"10100","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"390","author":"G. B. D. Disease","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30078-0","article-title":"Years of potential life lost and life expectancy in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"C. Hjorthoj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_64_16"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8111336"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22365\/jpsych.2018.291.64"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.04.004"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mol.0000000000000446"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja16.00650"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00003.2018"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0216-4"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.56.1.72"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2019.1656718"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci93090"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.52.4.561"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18433\/jpps29872"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2489"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9803064","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"record-id":"46559"},{"DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9803064","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000}}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/7394699.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/7394699.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/7394699.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T13:50:14Z","timestamp":1636811414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/7394699\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Songwen","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["7394699","7394699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/7394699","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-4288","1741-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]]}}}