{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:15:01Z","timestamp":1791976501081,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Respiratory Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. The population of uncontrolled asthma patients represents a large therapeutic burden. The PDE3-inhibitor enoximone is a strong and quick bronchodilator and is known to successfully treat life-threatening bronchial asthma (status asthmaticus). Translational mice models showed anti-inflammatory effects when PDE3 was targeted. Methods. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of PDE3-inhibitor enoximone as oral treatment for chronic asthma in a real-life off-label setting. Investigational use of PDE3-inhibitor enoximone: 51 outpatients (age 18\u201377) with chronic asthma were followed using off-label personalized low doses of the PDE3-inhibitor enoximone. Duration of treatment was 2\u20138\u2009years. Results. Four groups could be distinguished as follows: The first group includes patients who use enoximone as an add-on, because it helps them in maintaining a better general wellbeing; they still use their traditional medication (n\u2009=\u20095). The second group consists of patients who use enoximone and were able to phase down their traditional medication without deterioration of their asthma symptoms (n\u2009=\u200911). The third group comprises patients who were able to discontinue their traditional medication and use only enoximone without deterioration of their asthma symptoms (n\u2009=\u200924). The last one has patients who, after having used enoximone for some time, saw their symptoms disappear and now use no medication at all, not even enoximone (n\u2009=\u200911). All patients reported improvement or at least alleviation of their asthma symptoms. All patients reported a better quality of life and greater drug compliance. Conclusion. The evaluation shows that PDE3-inhibitor enoximone is a viable alternative for or addition to current asthma therapeutics, as both add-on and stand-alone, considerably reducing the use of LABAs\/SABAs\/ICS, with no or negligible side effects. Additional studies are advisable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7456208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T18:20:07Z","timestamp":1635790807000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of Real-Life Investigational Use of Enoximone in Asthma, the Third Step in Drug Repurposing: A Preliminary Report"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8343-336X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan","family":"Beute","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Almere, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5595-8051","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pieter","family":"Boermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0226-1362","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alex","family":"KleinJan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)33311-1"},{"key":"2"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1901963"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)31948-8"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu048"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00367-2019"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/2589645801913010012"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201302-0388pp"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-2600(13)70187-5"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.5.662"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.3.9812065"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506489102"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.01760.x"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000002548"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00470"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.94888"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2018-0065oc"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10623320390272307"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00173310"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci116346"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1998.275.4.l694"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.74309"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200108000-00004"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.112.300993"},{"key":"25","volume-title":"Early Drug Discovery and Development Guidelines: For Academic Researchers, Collaborators, and Start-Up Companies","author":"J. 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