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N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) had exerted antioxidation and anti-inflammation effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, its effect in regulating interleukin- (IL-) 18 was not fully understood. This study was designed to evaluate the specific mechanism of NAC regulating IL-18. Materials and Methods. A total of 112 COPD patients and 103 health individuals were recruited in the study. Cytokine level in patients\u2019 serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A COPD mouse model was established by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke. The expression of cytokines was measured by ELISA and flow cytometry. Inflammasome-related protein was measured by Western blot. Result. NAC could effectively improve the immune status of COPD patients as well as the COPD mouse model by downregulating proinflammation and inflammation cytokines including IL-1\u03b2, interferon- (IFN-) \u03b3, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) \u03b1, and IL-18. It also had the capability to suppress synthesis of IL-18 in macrophage to inhibit the secretion of IFN-\u03b3 from natural killer (NK) cells through influencing the inflammasome-related protein in macrophages. Conclusion. NAC could effectively inhibit the production of IL-18 by suppressing NLRP3 expression in macrophages to reduce the production of IFN-\u03b3 in NK cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7596343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T13:20:19Z","timestamp":1638537619000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Inhibits Synthesis of IL-18 in Macrophage by Suppressing NLRP3 Expression to Reduce the Production of IFN-\u03b3 from NK Cells"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1210-8644","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xufeng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9312-8959","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhixiong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics5030045"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030442"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/CBB:43:1:167"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/copd.2006.1.1.15"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2004.09.030"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2012.0029"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2012.670330"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201108-1545OC"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20201030"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4652898"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.04.008"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12616"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.10.022"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.02.002"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4486"},{"issue":"5","key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201701-0218PP","article-title":"Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report. 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