{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T11:44:49Z","timestamp":1767008689537,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":172,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004564","name":"Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnolo\u0161kog Razvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TR31060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR31060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent advances in vitamin D research indicate that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are suffering from vitamin D deficiency and increased oxidative stress to a variable extent, which could produce different health impacts for each individual. The novel multivariate statistical method applied in the present study allows metabolic phenotyping of T2DM individuals based on vitamin D status, metabolic control, and oxidative stress status in order to identify effectively different subtypes in our type 2 DM study population. Data\u2010driven statistical cluster analysis was performed with 95 patients with T2DM, treated with metformin. Clusters were based on 12 variables\u2014age, disease duration, vitamin D level, insulin, fasting glycemia (FG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high\u2010density and low\u2010density lipoprotein, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), and triglycerides\/glucose index (TYG). The analysis revealed four unique clusters which differed significantly in terms of vitamin D status, with a mean 25 (OH) D level in cluster 1 (57.84 \u00b1 11.46\u2009nmol\/L) and cluster 4 (53.78 \u00b1 22.36\u2009nmol\/L), falling within the insufficiency range. Cluster 2 had the highest mean level of 25 (OH) D (84.55 \u00b1 22.66\u2009nmol\/L), indicative of vitamin D sufficiency. Cluster 3 had a mean vitamin D level below 50\u2009nmol\/L (49.27 \u00b1 16.95), which is considered deficient. Patients in the vitamin D sufficient cluster had a significantly better glycemic and metabolic control as well as a lower level of lipid peroxidation compared to other clusters. The patients from the vitamin D sufficient cluster also had a significantly higher level of vitamin D\/MPO, vitamin D\/XO, vitamin D\/MDA, vitamin D\/CAT, and vitamin D\/TRC than that in the vitamin deficient and insufficient clusters. The vitamin D deficient cluster included significantly younger patients and had a significantly lower level of AOPP\/TRC and albumin\/TRC than the vitamin D sufficient cluster. The evidence from our cluster analysis in the context of separated T2DM demonstrates beneficial effects of optimal vitamin D status on metabolic control and oxidative stress in T2DM patients. Older T2DM patients require higher vitamin D levels in order to achieve good metabolic control and favorable antioxidant protection. Since protein damage is more pronounced in these patients, adding water\u2010soluble antioxidant in addition to higher doses of vitamin D should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7942716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T19:50:10Z","timestamp":1624391410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Data\u2010Driven Cluster Analysis of Oxidative Stress Indexes in relation to Vitamin D Level, Age, and Metabolic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4395-0626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena M.","family":"Cojic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7870-0996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Klisic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radivoj","family":"Kocic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5950-7517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrej","family":"Veljkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2386-2466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordana","family":"Kocic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2020.92832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2018.7656"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i3.456"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/875961"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Antioxidant efficacy of vitamin D","volume":"5","author":"Mokhtari Z.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Parathyroid Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-405885-9.00011-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422418000197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","first-page":"116","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"58","author":"Coji\u0107 M. 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