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The underlying mechanisms were investigated with special focus on distinct landscape fragmentation thresholds in the affected municipalities. An ecological study in epidemiology is employed to assess the statistical relationship between events of YFV and forest fragmentation in municipal landscapes. Negative binomial regression model showed that highly fragmented forest cover was associated with an 85% increase of events of YFV in humans and simians (RR\u2009=\u20091.85, CI 95%\u2009=\u20091.24\u20132.75, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.003<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) adjusted by vaccine coverage, population size, and municipality area. Intermediate levels of forest cover combined with higher levels of forest edge densities contribute to the YFV dispersion and the exponential growth of YF cases. Strategies for forest conservation are necessary for the control and prevention of YF and other zoonotic diseases that can spillover from the fragmented forest remains to populated cities of the Brazilian Atlantic coast.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8230789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,24]],"date-time":"2021-07-24T21:05:05Z","timestamp":1627160705000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Reemergence of Yellow Fever in Brazil: The Role of Distinct Landscape Fragmentation Thresholds"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Roberto C.","family":"Ilacqua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o, Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o, Centro Universit\u00e1rio FMABC, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9493-8731","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ant\u00f4nio R.","family":"Medeiros-Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (FSP-USP), Cerqueira C\u00e9sar, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7404-2209","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Vigil\u00e2ncia de Arboviroses, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade (MS), Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6872-0096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcos T.","family":"Obara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ceil\u00e2ndia, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia (UNB), Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Ceretti-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (FSP-USP), Cerqueira C\u00e9sar, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7766-7597","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luis F.","family":"Mucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Superintend\u00eancia de Controle de Endemias (SUCEN), Secretaria de Estado da Sa\u00fade, Taubat\u00e9, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0312-8777","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mauro T.","family":"Marrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (FSP-USP), Cerqueira C\u00e9sar, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7412-9390","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriel Z.","family":"Laporta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o, Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o, Centro Universit\u00e1rio FMABC, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0034-8910.2013047004341"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0034-89102010005000046"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002740"},{"key":"4","first-page":"524","volume-title":"Sa\u00fade Brasil 2019 - Uma an\u00e1lise da situa\u00e7\u00e3o de sa\u00fade com enfoque nas doen\u00e7as imunopreven\u00edveis e na imuniza\u00e7\u00e3o","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade\/Ministry of Health","year":"2019"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat7115"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760180278"},{"key":"7","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico - semanas epidemiol\u00f3gicas 43 de 2020 a 1 de 2021","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade\/Ministry of Health","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"8","first-page":"315","article-title":"History of the yellow fever in Brazil","volume":"21","author":"O. 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