{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T20:57:40Z","timestamp":1789419460062,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Evidence for the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) on gastrointestinal function recovery after gynecological surgery is unclear. Objective. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of EA on recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function for patients receiving gynecological surgery. Data sources: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CINAHL), Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu (CQVIP), and Wanfang databases were systematically searched from the inception dates to May 30, 2020, for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Study selection: RCTs that evaluated EA for postoperative gastrointestinal function directly related to gynecological surgery in adults aged 18\u2009years or over. Data extraction and synthesis: paired reviewer independently extracted the data and assessed study quality. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated as the effect measure from a random effects model. Main outcomes and measures: time to first flatus (TFF), time to bowel sounds recovery (TBS), and time to first defecation (TFD) were recorded as primary outcomes; postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), pH value of gastric mucosa (pHi), gastric mucosal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PgCO2), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and adverse event were reported as secondary outcomes. Results. We included eighteen RCTs (1117 participants). Our findings suggested that compared to the control group (CG), electroacupuncture group (EG) showed significant effects on TFF (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.98, 95% CI: [\u22121.28, \u22120.68], <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.00001<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, I2\u2009=\u200969%), TBS (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.98, 95% CI: [\u22121.84, \u22120.12], <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>P<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.03<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, I2\u2009=\u200992%), and TFD (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.23, 95% CI: [\u22121.59, \u22120.88], <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>P<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.0001<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, I2\u2009=\u20090%). Moreover, the incidence of PONV at postoperative 6\u2009h (OR\u2009=\u20090.42, 95% CI: [0.27, 0.64], <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>P<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.0001<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, I2\u2009=\u20090%) and 24\u2009h (OR\u2009=\u20090.46, 95% CI: [0.32, 0.68], <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>P<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>&lt;<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.0001<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, I2\u2009=\u20090%) was lower in the EG than that in the CG, whereas no significant difference in ratio of PONV at postoperative 48\u2009h (OR\u2009=\u20090.55, 95% CI: [0.20, 1.51], <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>P<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>=<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.25<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, I2\u2009=\u20090%) was detected between the two groups. Meanwhile, there was a significant effect in favor of EA on the level of MTL at postoperative 6\u2009h (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.93, 95% CI: [\u22121.36, \u22120.61], <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mi>P<\/m:mi>\n                        <m:mo>&lt;<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>0.0001<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, I2\u2009=\u200921%), while no significant effect was observed at postoperative 24\u2009h (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.43, 95% CI: [\u22120.89, 0.02], <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:mi>P<\/o:mi>\n                        <o:mo>=<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>0.06<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, I2\u2009=\u200969%) in the EG when compared to the CG. Additionally, a large significant effect on decreasing PgCO2 was found in the EG in comparison to the CG, but no significant effect in favor of EA on GAS, VIP, or pHi was observed. It was reported that there was one participant with pain at the needling sites and bruising, and three participants withdrew because they were not intolerant to EA. Conclusions. EA could be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction after gynecological surgery, including shortening TFF and TFD, TBS, regulating MTL, and decreasing the ratio of PONV within postoperative 24h. The effects on MTL and PONV varied with different intervention points, and EA used at 30\u2009min prior to surgery might be recommended. However, the evidence quality ranged from low to very low, and large-scale and high-quality RCTs were warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8329366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T23:50:12Z","timestamp":1640130612000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Electroacupuncture for Gastrointestinal Function Recovery after Gynecological Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YuTzu","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2398-2057","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BIBMW.2012.6470366"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-020-03698-5"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.13329"},{"issue":"8","key":"4","first-page":"469","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of immediate postoperative feeding and bowel stimulation to prevent ileus after major gynecologic surgical procedures","volume":"111","author":"J. 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