{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:33:47Z","timestamp":1790476427162,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":180,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY025913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY025913"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY025259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY025259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ischemia is a common pathological condition present in many neurodegenerative diseases, including ischemic stroke, retinal vascular occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma, threatening the sight and lives of millions of people globally. Ischemia can trigger excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction, leading to the disruption of tissue homeostasis and, ultimately, cell death. Current therapies are very limited and have a narrow time window for effective treatment. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutic options for ischemia\u2010induced neural injuries. With emerging reports on the pharmacological properties of natural flavonoids, these compounds present potent antioxidative, anti\u2010inflammatory, and antiapoptotic agents for the treatment of ischemic insults. Three major active flavonoids, baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin, have been extracted from <jats:italic>Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic> Georgi (<jats:italic>S. baicalensis<\/jats:italic>); all of which are reported to have low cytotoxicity. They have been demonstrated to exert promising pharmacological capabilities in preventing cell and tissue damage. This review focuses on the therapeutic potentials of these flavonoids against ischemia\u2010induced neurotoxicity and damage in the brain and retina. The bioactivity and bioavailability of baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin are also discussed. It is with hope that the therapeutic potential of these flavonoids can be utilized and developed as natural treatments for ischemia\u2010induced injuries of the central nervous system (CNS).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8377362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T19:35:06Z","timestamp":1625081706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Baicalein, Baicalin, and Wogonin: Protective Effects against Ischemia\u2010Induced Neurodegeneration in the Brain and Retina"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4839-7057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4285-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kin-Sang","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4265-6334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irvin","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1938-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Ho","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6283-8843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7720-7507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Wai","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S210035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42633-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a067535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2009.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.171600"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/aacnacc2018483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6635e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2019.00584"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/672064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","volume-title":"The Human Nervous System","author":"Mai J. K.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-14-06063.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","first-page":"507","volume-title":"Principles of Neural Science","author":"Tessier-Lavigne M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","author":"Prasad S.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2011.0099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2010.539760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300774"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(99)00044-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2003.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","first-page":"967","article-title":"Apoptosis and caspases after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat retina","volume":"40","author":"Lam T. T.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.15.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000440887"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2018.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1312-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2615"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23030564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-016-8394-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666161118142045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2017.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920101504140825120737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867322666141212122352"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.11.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","first-page":"933","article-title":"A review of flavonoid quercetin: metabolism, bioactivity and antioxidant properties","volume":"6","author":"Alrawaiq N. S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of PharmTech Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-014-0096-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.s102541"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2018.01298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17055459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2014.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2016.11.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2014.0074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2946-6-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm000942e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1975176701"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.09.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ci00063a006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2019.2675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23937\/2572-3278.1510039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-016-1607-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi1947.118.3_79"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.38212\/2224-6614.2762"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2011.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-018-0509-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.655"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-016-0418-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.4948"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2014.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2525967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60694-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01401-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-018-2828-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3576"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1341.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-6-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1516-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00221-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41016-018-0140-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-013-0307-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2011.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.12.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107695"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161115666161104095522"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000249004.25444.a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06561.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2018.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.11.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/267890"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2605-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2012.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-020-01159-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/MN:23:1:01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-010-9254-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-009-9953-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23734"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.514927"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2010.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.281"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-020-01600-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199908)27:2<110::AID-GLIA2>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0057fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.27.1561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.10.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/66405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b15-00444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2010.0063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2012.0179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00116-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6252"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2011.606592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2019.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2008.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-019-00580-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_131_2","article-title":"The effect of baicalin on tissue aldose reductase activity and retinal apoptosis in diabetic rats","volume":"16","author":"Wang X. J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157015909787602823"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.14.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.014790"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29399\/npa.23646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.585918"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2020.1725180"}],"container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2021\/8377362.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2021\/8377362.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/8377362","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T18:42:50Z","timestamp":1723056170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/8377362"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Gambini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/8377362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/8377362","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-0900","1942-0994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-0900","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-0994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8377362"}}