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Focused ultrasound is a promising tool for chronic pain management, being approved for thalamotomy in chronic neuropathic pain and for bone metastases-related pain treatment. FUS is a noninvasive technique for neuromodulation and for tissue ablation that can be applied to several tissues. Transcranial FUS (tFUS) can lead to opposite biological effects, depending on stimulation parameters: from reversible neural activity facilitation or suppression (low-intensity, low-frequency ultrasound, LILFUS) to irreversible tissue ablation (high-intensity focused ultrasounds, HIFU). HIFU is approved for thalamotomy in neuropathic pain at the central nervous system level and for the treatment of facet joint osteoarthritis at the peripheral level. Potential applications include HIFU at the spinal cord level for selected cases of refractory chronic neuropathic pain, knee osteoarthritis, sacroiliac joint disease, intervertebral disc nucleolysis, phantom limb, and ablation of peripheral nerves. FUS at nonablative dosage, LILFUS, has potential reversible and tissue-selective effects. FUS applications at nonablative doses currently are at a research stage. The main potential applications include targeted drug and gene delivery through the Blood-Brain Barrier, assessment of pain thresholds and study of pain, and reversible peripheral nerve conduction block. The aim of the present review is to describe the approved and potential applications of the focused ultrasound technology in the field of chronic pain management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8438498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T23:36:10Z","timestamp":1625009770000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Focused Ultrasound (FUS) for Chronic Pain Management: Approved and Potential Applications"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8753-757X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lazzaro","family":"di Biase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy"},{"name":"Brain Innovations Lab, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6091-7433","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emma","family":"Falato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2854-2066","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria Letizia","family":"Caminiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale Maria","family":"Pecoraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6571-9054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Flavia","family":"Narducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9113-5925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Lazzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, Rome 00128, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"Classification of Chronic Pain: Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndromes and Definitions of Pain Terms","author":"Prepared by the International Association for the Study of Pain","year":"1994","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0113"},{"issue":"10100","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","author":"T. 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