{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T21:24:49Z","timestamp":1740173089137,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007046","name":"Wuhan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZNPY2019002","2018YFE0204500","31900558","81872200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZNPY2019002","2018YFE0204500","31900558","81872200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["ZNPY2019002","2018YFE0204500","31900558","81872200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZNPY2019002","2018YFE0204500","31900558","81872200"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZNPY2019002","2018YFE0204500","31900558","81872200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZNPY2019002","2018YFE0204500","31900558","81872200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. This study explored the consistency and differences in the immune cells and cytokines between patients with COVID-19 or cancer. We further analyzed the correlations between the acute inflammation and cancer-related immune disorder. Methods. This retrospective study involved 167 COVID-19 patients and 218 cancer patients. COVID-19 and cancer were each further divided into two subgroups. Quantitative and qualitative variables were measured by one-way ANOVA and chi-square test, respectively. Herein, we carried out a correlation analysis between immune cells and cytokines and used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to discover the optimal diagnostic index. Results. COVID-19 and cancers were associated with lymphopenia and high levels of monocytes, neutrophils, IL-6, and IL-10. IL-2 was the optimal indicator to differentiate the two diseases. Compared with respiratory cancer patients, COVID-19 patients had lower levels of IL-2 and higher levels of CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells. In the subgroup analysis, IL-6 was the optimal differential diagnostic parameter that had the ability to identify if COVID-19 patients would be severely affected, and severe COVID-19 patients had lower levels of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+T cells, and CD19+ B cells) and CD16+CD56+ NK cells and higher level of neutrophils. There were significant differences in the levels of CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells between T1-2 and T3-4 stages as well as IL-2 and CD19+ B cells between N0-1 and N2-3 stages while no significant differences between the metastatic and nonmetastatic cancer patients. Additionally, there were higher correlations between IL-2 and IL-4, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-2, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-4, TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3, and CD16+CD56+NK cells and various subsets of T cells in COVID-19 patients. There was a higher correlation between CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells in cancer patients. Conclusion. Inflammation associated with COVID-19 or cancer had effects on patients\u2019 outcomes. Accompanied by changes in immune cells and cytokines, there were consistencies, differences, and satisfactory correlations between patients with COVID-19 and those with cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8669098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T21:38:35Z","timestamp":1634679515000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["COVID-19 and Cancer: Discovery of Difference in Clinical Immune Indexes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Xiaojiao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianghu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6311-2945","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yunbao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7493-045X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yirong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112830"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30132-8"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.08.009"},{"issue":"3","key":"5","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"H. 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