{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T23:43:10Z","timestamp":1769557390388,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":279,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62071486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071486"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JJ50051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ50051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009377","name":"Education Department of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19C0561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19C0561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009377","name":"Education Department of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18C0531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18C0531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, a wireless covert communication system with full\u2010duplex (FD) multiantenna receiver is considered. In order to improve the convert performance of the wireless communication system in the FD mode, a scheme based on selection combining\/zero forcing beamforming (SC\/ZFB) is proposed. More specifically, a covert message receiver with a FD multiantenna uses the zero forcing beamforming method to transmit randomly varying noise power to the adversary while receiving covert information from the sender. Firstly, we derive the optimal detection threshold and the corresponding closed expression of the minimum detection error rate of the warden. Secondly, the transmission interruption probability is explored to measure the communication reliability between the sender and the receiver of the covert message. Finally, the throughput performance of the covert communication system is analyzed under random geometry. Our analysis shows that the proposed SC\/ZFB scheme can achieve the positive effective convert rate while interfering with the detection of the warden as much as possible. It is worth noting that the increase of the number of antennas and the power of covert message transmission can improve the convert performance of the system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8806874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T17:22:39Z","timestamp":1633886559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Beamforming Design and Covert Performance Analysis for Full\u2010Duplex Multiantenna System"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8328-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3648-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingbo","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengyun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2019.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2020.0110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lwc.2019.2892771"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2020.3020086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2020.2968176"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2015.2398359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511755286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.3031492"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lwc.2020.3011191"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2019.2955792"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lwc.2020.3012664"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsac.2013.130923"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AbdelazizA.andKoksalC. E. Fundamental limits of covert communication over MIMO AWGN channel Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Communications Network Security (CNS) October 2017 Las Vegas NV USA 1\u20139 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/cns.2017.8228657 2-s2.0-85046548386.","DOI":"10.1109\/CNS.2017.8228657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tit.2016.2548471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CheP. H. BakshiM. andJaggiS. Reliable deniable communication: hiding messages in noise Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory July 2013 Istanbul Turkey 2945\u20132949 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/isit.2013.6620765 2-s2.0-84890389514.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.2013.6620765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lcomm.2016.2647716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2017.2720736"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ShahzadK. ZhouX. andYanS. Covert communication in fading channels under channel uncertainty Proceedings of IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference June 2017 Sydney Australia 1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/vtcspring.2017.8108525 2-s2.0-85028313924.","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2017.8108525"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HuJ. ShahzadK. YanS. ZhouX. ShuF. andLiJ. Covert communications with a full-duplex receiver over wireless fading channels Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications May 2018 Beijing China 20\u201324.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2018.8422941"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2018.2878014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2018.2854540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BashB. A. GoeckelD. andTowsleyD. LPD communication when the warden does not know when Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory July 2014 Honolulu HW USA 606\u2013610.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.2014.6874904"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","unstructured":"HuJ. YanS. ZhouX. ShuF. andWangJ. Covert transmission with harvested energy by a wireless powered relay Proceedings of ICC May 2018 Kansas MO USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YanS. HeB. CongY. andZhouX. Covert communication with finite block length in AWGN channels Proceedings of IEEE ICC May 2017 Bikaner India 1\u20136 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icc.2017.7996337 2-s2.0-85028362297.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7996337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2018.2846257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","unstructured":"ZhouX. YanS. HuJ. SunJ. LiJ. andShuF. Joint optimization of a UAV trajectory and transmit power for covert communications 2018 arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.00583v1."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2019.2900915"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YangL. YangW. XuS. TangL. andHeZ. Achieving covert wireless communications using a full-duplex multi-antenna receiver Proceedings of International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC) December 2019 Changchun China https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/iccc47050.2019.9064154.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCC47050.2019.9064154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2948078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lcomm.2020.3008430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lwc.2019.2894617"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lwc.2018.2872058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","article-title":"Multi-antenna jamming in covert communication","author":"Shmuel O.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","volume-title":"Applied Matrix Algebra in the Statistical Sciences","author":"Basilevsky C.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","volume-title":"Testing Statistical Hypotheses","author":"Lehmann E.","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Complexity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2021\/8806874.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2021\/8806874.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/8806874","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T22:01:57Z","timestamp":1723240917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/8806874"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hou-Sheng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/8806874"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/8806874","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-2787","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0526","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8806874"}}